In the early 1980s, the routers (gateways) that made up the ARPANET (predecessor of the modern
internet) ran a distance vector routing protocol known as the Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol (GGP).
Every gateway knew a route to every reachable network, at a distance measured in gateway hops.
As the ARPANET grew, its architects foresaw the same problem that administrators of many growing
internetworks encounter today: Their routing protocol did not scale well.
Eric Rosen, in RFC 827[1], chronicles the scalability problems:
l With all gateways knowing all routes, "the overhead of the routing algorithm becomes
excessively large." Whenever a topology change occurs, the likelihood of which increases with
the size of the internetwork, all gateways have to exchange routing information and
recalculate their tables. Even when the internetwork is in a steady state, the size of the
routing tables and routing updates becomes an increasing burden.
l As the number of GGP software implementations increases, and the hardware platforms on
which they are implemented become more diverse, "it becomes impossible to regard the
Internet as an integrated communications system." Specifically, maintenance and
troubleshooting become "nearly impossible."
l As the number of gateways grows, so does the number of gateway administrators. As a
result, resistance to software upgrades increases: "[A]ny proposed change must be made in
too many different places by too many different people."
The solution proposed in RFC 827 was that the ARPANET be migrated from a single internetwork to a
system of interconnected, autonomously controlled internetworks. Within each internetwork, known
as an autonomous system (AS), the administrative authority for that AS is free to manage the
internetwork as it chooses. In effect, the concept of autonomous systems broadens the scope of
internetworking and adds a new layer of hierarchy. Where there was a single internetwork-a
network of networks-there is now a network of autonomous systems, each of which is itself an
internetwork. And just as a network is identified by an IP address, an AS is identified by an
autonomous system number. An AS number is a 16-bit number assigned by the same addressing
authority that assigns IP addresses.
NOTE
Manoj kumar
Infopark
South Ex
A network that is administered by a single set of management rules that are controlled by one person, group or organization. Autonomous systems often use only one routing protocol, although multiple protocols can be used. The core of the Internet is made up of many autonomous systems. By Siddharth Johri
Robot software is used to perform autonomous tasks. Many software systems and frameworks have been proposed to make programming robots easier.
Working on a system does not require any networking but when we talk about a no. of computer systems communicating with each other then there comes need of computer networking that enables communication between a number of autonomous systems in a network.
a global business with connections to multiple local ISPs*a medium-sized nationwide business with Internet connectivity through different IS
A method of powering a wireless autonomous device having energy harvesting circuitry, on-board electronic circuitry, and RF transmitter circuitry using an RF transmitting profile that includes a plurality of RF pulses. That same profile may also be used to simultaneously communicate information to the wireless autonomous device in a number of ways, including different encoding schemes.A system including a plurality of wireless autonomous devices that employs the methods is also provided.A method of designing a wireless autonomous device system and/or a wireless autonomous device to be used therein is provided that employs an equivalent circuit for the wireless autonomous device that is in the form of a lumped parameter RLC circuit with an energy source.
Xu chongming, a famous Chinese physician, firstly introduced the concept in his book of FROM AURICULAR MEDICINE TO AURICLE MEDICINE in 2005.
Network is defined as number of autonomous systems connected together to communicate with each other . The communication between these autonomous systems is called networking.
Galileo was the original who introduced of the concept of inertia.
Yes, the concept of cashless policy was introduced in NIGERIA.
Its a work of society. We have nothing to worry about when we give it to someone who is responsible for autonomous reactions to crime etc.
Michael Faraday first introduced the concept of electric fields/
Costa Rica introduced the concept of ecotourism.
The concept of the Festivus pole was introduced by the writter Dan O'Keefe. He claimed his family used the concept as early as 1966 but it was introduced to the world through the show Seinfeld in 1997.
EGP
What is systems concept contribution to current management?
nixon
Weber