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Because it had been removed during the late First Temple era.

Where was it?

No one knows for sure, despite sensational claims to the contrary. Even 1800 years ago, the Talmud-sages discussed this question (Yoma 53b). The Talmud (ibid.) states two opinions in this matter. According to one opinion, the Ark of the Covenant was carried off by the Babylonians when they destroyed the First Temple.

According to the second opinion, around 35 years before the First Destruction, King Josiah (Yoshiah) hid the Ark in a secret chamber constructed for this purpose, since it was already apparent that the Temple wouldn't last much longer. The Prophets had been foretelling the destruction of the Temple for some time.

Tradition states that when he built the Temple, King Solomon prepared a hidden shaft and room deep underneath the Temple Mount for just such an eventuality (Maimonides, in the Hilchot Beit HaBechirah 4:1).

The second opinion is the accepted one (Maimonides, ibid, 4:1-2). However, it is possible to account for both opinions, since all of the Temple vessels had duplicates which were made in order to be used if the original vessel got lost or defiled (Talmud, Hagigah 26b). In addition, there was a second ark which had been used before the Tabernacle was built (see Rashi commentary on Deuteronomy 10:1, based on midrash Tanchuma). We may therefore postulate that the Babylonians carried into captivity an empty duplicate Ark which had been placed in the Holy of Holies after King Josiah concealed the original.

Another question:

If the Ark was hidden under the Temple site (Maimonides, above), then why didn't they take it out when the Second Temple was built?

The answer is that the entire Second Temple era was a continuation of the First Destruction. The Divine Presence had never fully returned (Talmud, Yoma 21b), there were constant persecutions, and it was clear almost from the outset that the Second Temple wouldn't last.

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Q: Why wasn't the ark of the covenant in the second temple?
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Related questions

What and where is Solomon's temple?

Solomon's temple was built in Jerusalem on the "Temple Mount". It was a temple built to house the "Ark of the Covenant".


Did the Jewish people know that the Ark of the Covenant was missing from the Temple during Jesus' life?

Yes. According to long Jewish oral tradition, later recorded in the the Babylonian Talmud (Yoma 22b), the Second Temple lacked five things which had been in Solomon's Temple, namely, the Ark of the Covenant, the sacred fire, the Shekinah, the Holy Spirit, and the Urim and Thummim.


Was the ark of the covenant temple never duplicated?

I was never duplicated. I believe, number one, that it is necessary for the Tribulation temple for the Ark of the Covenant to be there because of the fact that in order for the Jewish people who are preparing to build the temple right now, they must have the Ark of the Covenant. In the Millennial Temple which will be standing in Jerusalem during the Thousand-Year Millennial Kingdom, Jeremiah 3:16 says we don't need the Ark anymore. The reason for that, the Ark was a prototype of Jesus Christ, and when you have the real thing, you don't need the model. So He'll be here for the Millennial Temple, but for that Tribulation temple it will have to be there. Is it in Ethiopia? I do not believe so. I believe it is underneath the Temple Mount. I have talked to two men, two very prestigious rabbis who said they came within inches of bringing the Ark of the Covenant out. One man said he took a mirror, looked around a wall and saw the Ark of the Covenant. He was a very prestigious rabbi. I would not stake my life on it but I believe he's talking about what he said and he said, "By the way, that's simple. Extrabiblical writing tells us exactly where the Ark of the Covenant is. And the Bible talks about Hezekiah, I believe the king was, who said, "Take the ark and put it in the special place prepared for it right now." Not in the temple but a special place prepared. --Dr. Jimmy DeYoung--


Religiously what is the arc of the covenant?

The Ark of the Covenant is the special chest built under Moses' direction in which was kept the tablets containing the word of God or the Ten Commandments, and a couple of other special objects. Many Jews believe that the Ark still exists and is hidden somewhere, possibly within the Temple Mount. The Holy of Holies, the innermost chamber of the Jewish Temple, housed the Ark of the Covenant, considered to be the footstool of God. When the High Priest entered the Holy of Holies, he believed he was entering the very presence of God. Prior to the building of the Temple, The Ark of the Covenant was kept in a special tent.


What was the purpose of the Temple of Solomon?

Solomon built a temple (Solomon's temple) to house the Ark of the Covenant, which contained Aaron's staff, the ten commandments, a portion of manna.


What the ark of covenant was use for?

The ark of the covenant was used for the ten commandments!!!


Is the Ark of the Covenant Jewish?

The concept of the Ark of the Covenant is a Jewish concept.


What is the aron hakodesh?

This is a Hebrew phrase meaning holy ark or chest. It either refers to the Ark of the Covenant from the time of the Israelite wanderings in the desert until the Ark was lost in the days of the First Temple, or it refers to the ark at the front of a synagogue where the Torah scrolls are kept when not in use. Aron means ark or chest, and kodesh means holy.


Where was the blood from the sacrifice on the day of atonement placed after the ark of the covenant was lost?

Since the Temple was destroyed and the holy items stolen, there has been no Temple and therefore no sacrifices.


What was in the holy of holies in Jerusalem?

The Ark of the Covenant was kept in the Holy of Holies.


Jewish people believed Yahweh resided in the Temple inside the Holy of Holies where the Ark of the Covenant was kept this was destroyed?

Yes


Where is the ark in Kentucky?

Kentucky and the ark of the covenant