Timing to far advanced, over heating, octane to low. Need to know year, make and engine to help you with more possibilities.
Ping under acceleration or under load.
You would probably hear a spark knock or pinging under acceleration or load. Check engine light may come on also.
Running hot or timing too far advanced
If the knock sensor failed the CEL (Check Engine Light) would be illuminated and the engine may "ping" or "spark knock" under load. Serious "spark knock" can damage the engine if allowed to continue.
yes, It would run as long as the motor was not coupled to a load. Coupled to a load the motor would have no torque and would stall.
Generally a motor drives some equipment, it could be a fan, or a pump, connected to motor's shaft. The speed of the motor when no equipment is connected to its shaft is known as no load speed.
Could be a bad knock sensor. The ECM may be retarding the timing based on bad input from a faulty knock sensor.
it depends on what engine you have but most of them are a 5.4 or 4.6 or 4.2 and those have the knock sensors under the intake manifold on the passenger side.
a synchronous condenser is over excited synchronous motor under no load
Not much, but it depends on the load and the cooling.
It is impossible to tell you exactly what the polar moment of inertia is for a motor load system just from your question. We would need to know the specifications of the motor load system to make that calculation.
Full load amps is the maximum rated amps that the motor should draw according to its nameplate rating. Running load amps is the actual amperage the motor is drawing at that point in time when the test is taken. Some motor loads vary depending on if the load is cyclic. The reading on this type of motor would be from no load amps to full load amps.