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Mascara is a cosmetic that is commonly used to define, lengthen, thicken, color or curl the eyelashes in order to emphasize the eyes. It has been used for a variety of purposes throughout over 600 years, and it has undergone many changes during this time.

Mascara was first used in ancient Egypt by both men and women. It was made out of water, honey, kohl, and crocodile dung and applied with bone and ivory. The mixture was used to line the eyes to deepen the lashes and ward off evil spirits. The Egyptians believed the eyes were the window to the soul, and they were concealed with mascara to keep away bad energy and evil spirits.

During the Victorian era in the 1830s, the use of mascara was revived by women who had elaborate beautification rituals. The women often made mascaras out of ashes and elderberry. These concoctions were applied directly to the lashes. Mascara served no purpose other than purely cosmetic use during this time of vanity, as many women spent hours each day to make themselves look beautiful.

In the nineteenth century, chemist Eugene Rimmel used petroleum jelly to develop a form of mascara. His name became synonymous with the cosmetic, and today the Portugese, Italian, Spanish, Greek, Dutch, Romanian, Turkish, and Persian word for mascara is still rimmel. T.L. Williams invented a similar substance for his sister Maybel in 1913. He began to sell his cosmetic through a mail-order business in 1917. This business evolved in the company now known as Maybelline.

The application of mascara was still rather messy, but developments continued and led to a number of improvements. Elizabeth Arden and Helena Rubenstein launched cosmetic lines in Paris in the early 1900s. The rivalry between Arden and Rubenstein spurred innovative ideas. In 1957, Rubenstein created a cream mascara with a lotion base. It was packaged in a tube and the mascara was squeezed onto a brush for easier application. This led to the development of the modern day mascara brush and created a booming market for this cosmetic.

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