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Congress reacted to the growing conflict over slavery through a series of contentious legislative measures and compromises, such as the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850. These efforts aimed to maintain a balance between free and slave states but ultimately highlighted the deep divisions within the nation. The establishment of the Fugitive Slave Act intensified tensions, leading to increased resistance from abolitionists and further polarization of public opinion. Ultimately, Congress's attempts to mediate the issue failed to prevent the escalating conflict that would lead to the Civil War.

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