By passing laws that clarify how the government works.
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Amendment 25 gives a process for filling a vacancy in the office of vice president.What happens is that the new President names someone to fill the position and if both houses of Congress approve, he becomes vice president.
The President can never appoint someone to fill a Senate vacancy. The U.S. Constitution allows the Governor of the state to which the vacant seat is entitled to make a temporary appointment to fill the seat until a special election can be held, but only if the state legislature has passed a bill allowing him/her to do so. Actually there is one Senate vacancy for which the President appoints a replacement: the U.S. Vice President, who constitutionally is also the President of the Senate. Vice presidential appointments require the approval of both houses of Congress.
The executive branch appoints people to fill federal posts. But the Congress has to approve the appointments by a 2/3 rds majority. They also have to approve any treaty that he has entered into.
The U.S. Constitution, Amendment XXV, Section 2 states, "Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress."
Appointing a new justice to the supreme court to fill a vacancy.