The judiciary act of 1789 established what kind of legal system?

Answer 1

The Judiciary Act of 1789 was one of the first Acts of Congress under the Constitution. It established the Judiciary branch, which included the Supreme Court of the United States, three US Circuit Courts, and thirteen District Courts within eleven states.

Answer 2

Section 1 of the Act declared "the supreme court of the United States shall consist of a chief justice and five associate justices, any four of whom shall be a quorum, and shall hold annually at the seat of government two sessions, the one commencing the first Monday of February, and the other the first Monday of August. That the associate justices shall have precedence according to the date of their commissions, or when the commissions of two or more of them bear date on the same day, according to their respective ages."

Section 13 of the Judiciary Act was a topic of controversy in Marbury v. Madison, (1803), when Chief Justice Marshall decided that portion of the legislation was unconstitutional because Congress had overstepped its authority by authorizing the Court to issue writs of mandamus to US government officials, which Marshall interpreted as being in contradiction with the Constitution.

The United States Judiciary Act of 1789 (1 Stat. 73) was a landmark statute adopted on September 24, 1789 in the first session of the First United States Congress establishing the U.S. federal judiciary. Article III of the United States Constitution created the Supreme Court and gave Congress the power to establish inferior courts. Marbury based his appeal in it in the case of Marbury v. Madison.

To read the full text of the Judiciary Act of 1789, see Related Links, below.

Answer 3

The Judiciary Act of 1789 established the US Supreme Court, as mandated by the Constitution, and a rudimentary federal court system consisting of thirteen District Courtsand three Circuit Courts within eleven states.

The thirteen District Courts heard small civil suits and minor crimes. The three Circuit Courts heard cases involving serious federal crimes and had appellate jurisdiction over cases heard in the District Courts.

The six US Supreme Court justices were responsible for "riding circuit" twice a year, traveling in pairs to the three Circuit Courts and hearing cases under appeal. Congress believed this would help the Supreme Court justices stay in touch with local concerns.

Answer 4

The circuit and district court systems were the two court systems created in the 1789 Judiciary Act.

Answer 5

federal court system