Which government offices could be found within the Roman republic?

Answer 1

The executive officials of the Roman Republic were the consuls, praetors, censors, aediles and quaestors.

Originally, bills were presented by consuls to the vote of the Assembly of the Soldiers. Later the plebeian tribunes became the main proposers of bills and submitted the to the vote of the Plebeian Council. The plebeian tribunes were the representatives of the plebeians, but were not officials.

The unelected senate was not a legislative body in the sense that it was not a body for voting on bills. However, it could issue decrees.

Answer 2

The Roman Republic did not have branches of government as we understand them today. The Roman Senate's powers were not very clearly defined, nor was it an elected body. Basically is was a fairly regular meeting of representatives of the most important and noble Roman families who - certainly in their own mind - in a way represented 'the State'. Executive power was firstly held by two annually elected consuls, who also proposed new laws and who were the State's supreme judges. They were at the same time generals of the army for that year. In all, there were five executive ranks, and after the consuls:

1. Praetors, who executed part of the consuls' duties. In peacetime those were mostly religious; during the many wars, they usually held military commands under the supreme commandership of the consuls.
2. Censors, who were responsible for various censuses and were the 'overseeers of public morals'- although that had practically nothing to do with 'sex' at the time. Through the census they kept the State up to date on its population, its wealth and of the state of essential services. Although they were less powerfulful than praetors, the jobs were usually held by former consuls and the office had great prestige because of that.
3. Aediles, two pairs of them each year, two plebean and two patrician. Like the questorship to be mentioned under 4, this was a job held by younger members of the important families who were trying to climb the slippery pole to consulship. Aediles were responsible for maintenance of public buildings and the organizing or Rome's festivals. This last responsibility was a major one: it could show your organizational skills, show how much money you could and would spend on them and if done well, it could put you very much in the public eye for later and higher office.
4. Quaestors. who were responsible for overseeing the public finances and those of the armies. Strangely enough, this was considered the most 'junior' of the public offices.

A check on the Consuls' activities was instituted in the form of the "Tribunes of the plebs" who could veto decisions and laws made by the Consuls.
Finally, in times of crisis a consul or former consul could be appointed as Dictator, mostly for a period of 6 months. He then could take all the decisions normally taken by any of the other office holders and he could appoint people in an office instead of having them elected.

Answer 3

what were they?

Answer 4

Kings

Answer 5

kings