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Dwight D. Eishenhower. (Because of his famous pledge to land a man on the moon, John Kennedy is sometimes mistakenly given as the answer to this question.)

From the late 1940s to the late 1980s, the United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in the so-called "Cold War," a contest between democratic capitalism and totalitarian communism . Along with espionage and proxy wars, an arms race, an effort by each side to develop military dominance over the other, was an important (some would say the deciding) feature of that contest.

In 1952, the International Council of Scientific Unions, proposed the International Geophysical Year, running from July 1957 to December 1958. In September, 1955 the Naval Research Laboratory's project Vanguard was chosen to orbit an unmanned satellite as part of the IGY effort, but it was underfunded and progress was slow.

On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union sucessfully orbited a satellite called "Sputnik." This generated a great deal of concern, if not panic, that there was a technology gap, and that the Soviets might use their technology to deliver weapons from space. Additional funding was forthcoming and the U.S. orbited its first artificial satellite on January 11, 1958. President Eisenhower and Congress chartered the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, which absorbed all civilian space projects, beginning operations on October 1, 1958.

On April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first man to enter space, achieving a single orbit of the Earth. On May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the second man, and first American, to achieve space flight.

On May 25, 1961, recently inaugurated President John F. Kennedy, in a special address on space to Congress, announce that, "this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to Earth.

On July 20, 1969, the U. S. achieved Kennedy's goal, becoming the only country, to this day, to land men on Moon or any other extraterrestrial body.

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Q: Who was the president who started a space program to catch up with the Soviets?
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Continue Learning about American Government

Which president lasted only 30 days?

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