When they met to rewrite the Articles of Confederation they had tried giving the states power and it didn’t work. To have a country you need to have a strong central government that will see to the common good of the people and for protection. States can’t provide this.
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States shared power with government
why do you think the congress rather than states is given most lawmaking powers
The Federal Government's powers are defined; other rights are reserved for the states and the people. People, includes local governments as well. The Framers wanted to ensure that the central governments powers were more clearly defined.
The States
lists the powers given to national government and the powers denied the states and leaves all other powers to the states