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Most archaeologists believe that Homo neanderthalensis had gone extinct by approximately 28,000 years ago at the latest, probably as a result of competition with H. sapiens over finite resources. Studies of Homo sapien sapien DNA, which is modern human beings compared with that of Homo neanderthalensis, has revealed that the two species had diverged from one another over 650,000 years ago. It is commonly thought that Homo erectus could be their shared common ancestor, which moved out of Africa 300,000 years ago and spread through Europe adapting to the cold weather and evolving into Neanderthals. The Homo erectus population that stayed behind in Africa continued to adapt to a warmer climate and eventually evolved into Modern Homo sapiens. When Modern Humans moved into Europe and Asia 50,000 years ago we may have helped push Neanderthals to extinction by competition or conflict. However the same DNA studies mentioned earlier have shown that Modern Humans and Neanderthals could not have interbred on a large scale and that they do not contribute to any significant portion of our genome.

Other more recent studies are not so sure on this last point.

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9y ago

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