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What happens at a mid ocean ridge?
The techtonic plates are pulling away from each other. Magma is forced twards the sea floor via convection currents. This results in "hot vents" where an entire ecosystem is based on chemosynthetic bacteria.
What are the seismic waves of the Earth's crust?
Rock under stress breaks at the focus, releasing energy and vibrations called seismic waves, which travel away from the focus, through Earth's interior, and across the surface. The three types of seismic waves are: Primary waves: The first to arrive at seismographs Secondary waves: The second to arrive at seismographs Surface waves: The last and most severe to arrive at seismographs
What factors determine how much of the sun's energy we receive in a given area?
the distance away from the equator (further away = less of the suns energy), and also the amount of cloud and type of cloud in that location (more cloud reflects more of the suns energy away from that location).
How far away is Valdez from the source of the earthquake?
Valdez Alaska is on the opposite side of the Pacific Ocean from Japan.
How can erosion wear away earth's surface?
Erosion is when a chemical reaction or physical occurence causes a surface to wear away, (whether it be the earth's surface or the surface of a cheese burger in the dump). Commonly, erosion of the earth's surface is caused when water and air brush the surface, causing small chunks of it to be washed away slowly until a noticable canyon has been made, or when water seeps into cracks in rocks and rests there until winter, when it becomes ice and expands, making the cracks get bigger and deeper.
How does the sun provide energy for surface ocean currents?
The sun heats the water, causing cold / hot circulation, and evaporation. It also heats the air, causing wind, which also moves currents.
What do surface currents carry away from the equator?
Surface currents in the ocean carry warm water away from the equator towards the poles. This movement helps to distribute heat globally, influencing climate and weather patterns. As warm water moves away, it is often replaced by cooler water rising from the depths, contributing to the overall circulation of ocean currents.
What are surface curents?
ocean currents that lead away from the equator. Examples: Gulf Stream and Brazil Current
What is the surface currents north of the equator are?
Because of the spinning of the Earth, wind and ocean currents closest to the equator will travel straighter. Wind and ocean currents further from the equator will deflect away from the equator.Ê
Why do warm ocean currents cool as they flow along a coastline away from the equator?
Warm ocean currents cool as they flow along a coastline away from the equator because sand and minerals are transported by ocean currents away from the equator.
What winds cause surface currents to move warm surface water away to be replaced by cold nutrient rich water from the deep ocean?
Winds, particularly trade winds and westerlies, play a crucial role in driving surface currents that move warm surface water away from coastal areas. This displacement allows colder, nutrient-rich water from the deep ocean to rise through a process called upwelling. Upwelling zones are often found along coastlines where these winds push surface waters offshore, promoting high productivity in marine ecosystems. The combination of wind patterns and ocean currents is essential for maintaining healthy marine environments.
How do deep currents affect climate?
The air of a region where the temperature is higher is warmer than the air of a region where the temperature is lower. As a result, the air will flow from the warmer region to the cooler region. This generates air currents.
Where do warm ocean currents start?
Warm ocean currents start near the equator where solar radiation is most intense, heating up the surface water. The warm water then moves away from the equator due to the rotation of the Earth and the global wind patterns. This movement creates currents that transport warm water to other regions of the world.
Why is the surface temperature of the oceans more variable than the water near the ocean floor?
In order for temperature to change the involved heat has to have some place to go. The water at the bottom of the ocean is surrounded by ground and other water that are already at the same temperature. Where can extra heat go to? At the surface the air transports heat up and away so ocean heat can leak out (or in) to the water.
What Are Upwelling currents?
Ocean up welling is a term to describe the water rising from the deep depths of the ocean floor because of specific wind patterns. Upwellings are caused by strong seasonal winds moving surface coastal water out from the coast and leaving a space that the upwelling fills in.
Describe the two steps of upwelling?
Upwelling occurs when wind pushes surface ocean water away from the coastline, causing deeper, colder, nutrient-rich water to rise and replace it. This brings nutrients to the surface, fueling the growth of phytoplankton and supporting a productive marine ecosystem.
Ocean currents moving away from the equator bring what waters?
Ocean currents moving away from the equator typically bring colder waters from higher latitudes towards the equator. These colder waters often carry nutrients, which can impact marine ecosystems and provide a source of food for various marine organisms.
