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Martin Luther King believed in nonviolence; he had a highly religious background and was inspired by Gandhi in his belief that campaigning should be passive. He essentially believed that equality of race in America would only by achieved through peaceful demonstrations and arguments, rather than simply returning white violence with violence. Malcolm X however had a very contrasting philosophy. He quickly made it very clear that he rejected the nonviolent emphasis of the mainstream Civil Rights Movement, and instead made public his beliefs that self-defence against white aggression and oppression was a legitimate weapon. this attitude was in many ways more popular than King's philosophies as it seemed to have more promise of direct actions and therefore visible results, when compared to King's passive approach. However later on in the movement, their philosophies became much more relevant to each other. Malcolm X corrected himself after his break with the Nation of Islam movement, and began to emphasise unity and change through black pride and respect for one another, rather than through hate and revenge. Martin Luther King on the other hand became somewhat frustrated by the fact that no real progress was being made on equality, and started to oppose some of his moral ideologies by, for example, using children as young as 8 years old during one of his campaigns against Birmingham Alabama.

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