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Comparison of Waveguide and Transmission Line Characteristics

Transmission line

• Two or more conductors

s eparated by some insulating

medium (two-wi r e, coaxi al ,

microstrip, etc.).

• Normal ope rating mode is the

TEM or quasi-TEM mode (can

support TE and TM modes but

the s e mode s a r e ty pic a l l y

undesirable).

• No cutoff frequency for the TEM

mode. Transmission lines can

transmit signals from DC up to

high frequency.

• Significant signal attenuation at

h i g h f re q u e n cies d u e t o

conductor and dielectric losses.

• Small cross-section transmission

lines (like coaxial cables) can

only transmit low power levels

due to the relatively high fields

concentrated at specific locations

within the device (field levels are

limited by dielectric breakdown).

• Large cross-section transmission

lines (like power transmission

lines) can transmit high power

levels.

Waveguide

1. Metal waveguides are typically

one enclosed conductor filled

with an insulating medium

(rectangular, circular) while a

dielectric waveguide consists of

multiple dielectrics.

2.Ope rating modes are TE or TM

modes (cannot support a TEM

mode).

3. Must operate the waveguide at a

frequency above the respective

TE or TM mode cutoff frequency

for that mode to propagate.

4. Lowe r signal attenuation a t high

frequencies than transmission

lines.

5. Metal waveguides can transmit

high powe r levels. The fields of

the propagating wave are spread

more uniformly over a larger

cross-se ctional area than the

small cross-section transmission

line.

6. L arg e cro ss-sectio n (lo w

f r e quency) wavegui de s a r e

impractical due to large size and

high cost.

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