No, the battery has nothing whatsoever to do with the belt other than the belt is driving the alternator which recharges the battery. The alternator is working hard to recharge a weak battery. If the belt is squealing then the belt is either worn out or it is loose. If it is loose it is because the tensioner is defective and not holding the proper tension.
It will squeak
The Serpentine Belt needs to be tightend with the tensioner pulley (Idler Pulley)
because it's slipping. tension or replace.
Check for small cracks or excessive wear in the surface of the belt, oil on the pulleys or buildup of debris in the grooves of the pulleys. belt tensioner may also be faulty. possible overstretched belt.
I believe it's time you change your serpentine belt. The belt is loose and is spinning slower than the pulley. Your serpentine belt helps everything function which leads to the battery staying charged.
you can for a limited amount of time. without the belt your battery will die, and cause your car to die
You have a bad bearing in one of the pulleys. Remove belt and spend all the pulleys by hand, they should be smooth and quiet.
If it is the belt that drives the alternator, then yes. In many cars, the serpentine belt (the huge, long belt that most think is the "belt" in their car) drives the alternator, and so if it's loose or slipping, will cause the alternator to run sporadically, which will result in a battery that doesn't retain a charge like it should.
The battery light comes on because: \ 1. The serpentine accessory belt has broken. 2. The alternator has worn out.
Almost impossible without a lot of work. Just get rid of the squeak by spraying all belts and pullies with belt dressing.
If the belt is too loose or not there then yes - the water pump runs off the serpentine belt. If the belt is too loose or not there then yes - the water pump runs off the serpentine belt.
The belt is slipping.