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Are specialized white blood cells that produce antibodies coded to destroy specific antigens?
Yes, specialized white blood cells called B cells produce antibodies that can recognize and bind to specific antigens. Once bound, antibodies can mark the antigen for destruction by other immune cells or neutralize its harmful effects. This specific recognition and response help the immune system target and eliminate pathogens effectively.
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction do Substrates bind in the active site or do Products bind in the active site?
Substrates. Once the enzyme and the substrate combine, on the product is created.
How is invading bacteria detroyed?
The bacteria has tiny, oddly-shaped molecules on it's surface, which are different for every type of bacteria, these are called antigens. When a special type of white blood cell, called a lymphocyte, realises an invading bacteria is in the bloodstream, it starts to make tiny connectors called antibodies. These antibodies fit the antigens on the bacteria's surface, and join many bacteria together. Once lots of bacteria have been joined together, another type of white blood cell, called a phagocyte, engulfs them, and it will usually take a few days for all the bacteria to be destroyed.
What does it mean when your blood is classified as code 96?
Code 96 donors have a particular combination of antigens that make their red cells rare. An antigen is a type of protein on the outer surface of the red blood cell. When a patient receives a transfusion of blood carrying the same antigens as his or her own blood, the donor red cells are "welcomed" into the body because they do not recognize the transfused cells are foreign. If the patient does not have the same antigens, they may develop antibodies to the antigens and their body may reject or react with future blood transfused with these antigens. Patients who are transfused very often can easily form antibodies (immune responses) to some red cell antigens. Once antibodies from, these patients require very precisely matched transfusions to prevent transfusion reactions and production of more antibodies. Some of the conditions that requireSickle Cell anemiaThalassemia (or Cooley's Anemia)LeukemiaChemotherapy Treatment
How do restriction enzymes precisely cut DNA molecules?
Restriction enzymes recognize specific sequences of nucleotides in DNA molecules and bind to them. Once bound, the enzyme cuts the DNA at specific points within or near the recognized sequence, resulting in precise cleavage of the DNA molecule.
How do antibodies destroy pathogens?
binding to antigens on the pathogens.The antibodies not only bind to antigens...but once bound with the antigens on the viruses they encounter. The viruses clump together and are destroyed by phagocytes.Thanks to...my BRILLIANT mind!! :PYOU ARE THE BEST!
What is the Role of a variable region of an antibody molecule?
Each antibody has a variable region at the top of the arms of the Y-Shaped structure of the antibody. These variable regions each have a different sequence of amino acids and therefore a different structure. This means that only specific antigens can bind to the binding sites - only those with a complementary shape. The antigen fits into the binding site by induced fit. Once the antigen has bound to the antibody it forms a highly specific antigen-antibody complex. Therefore the role of the variable region is to produce a specific binding site for each type of antigen.
Are anitgens proteins?
Yes. An antigen is a substance that stimulates an animal in order to produce an antibody reaction to counteract the substance by a specific binding antibody-antigen. Most of the times this antigen is a molecule of protein.
What are antigens and how do lymphocytes recognize them?
it specifically recognise the antigenic determinants called epitopes and the similar sequence of that particular epitope will be produced by the antibody at is variable region(specifically hypervariable region) whch make an antibody to get more affinity over that particular antigen..almost antibodies are available for almost all the antigens in our body(memory cells)and they starts increasing in numbr once an antigen enters our body
Which antibody protect harmful effect?
All antibodies prevent the harmful effects of viruses. B cells create antibodies for one specific virus that has been detected by the immune system. Once the antibodies reach a pathogen, they bind to the receptors of the virus, disabling it and rendering it useless.
Are specialized white blood cells that produce antibodies coded to destroy specific antigens?
Yes, specialized white blood cells called B cells produce antibodies that can recognize and bind to specific antigens. Once bound, antibodies can mark the antigen for destruction by other immune cells or neutralize its harmful effects. This specific recognition and response help the immune system target and eliminate pathogens effectively.
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction do Substrates bind in the active site or do Products bind in the active site?
Substrates. Once the enzyme and the substrate combine, on the product is created.
Why are antibodies specific for certain antigens?
Antibodies binds to specific region in an antigen. Antibodies recognizes the part of an antigen and binds to specific region. Part of an antigen recognised by the antibody and binds is know as Antigenic Determinant or Epitope. Antibodies are generated by a sub set of immune cells called B cells. The main receptor for these cells are antibodies, although while they're bound to the surface of the B cell they are called B Cell Receptors (BCRs). While these cells are developing the BCR genes undergo a number of mutations, these mutations define the antigen binding region, which as described above, binds to the antigen. In fact there are so many possible ways the BCR genes can mutate that we can recognize a nearly infinite number of antigens. Then once your body has encountered an antigen the B cells that have BCRs that can react with the antigen begin to proliferate, and then they start excreting antibodies. After the infection is over, B cells will continue to refine they antigen specificity, that way when they encounter the infection again they can respond with much more specific antibodies and more quickly, this process is called affinity maturation.
Why is passive immunity of much shorter time or duration than active immunity?
With active immunity, the body has cells that produce antibodies to antigens composed of amino acids. The antigen could be a protein itself, or on a virus or bacteria. Once the body has a cell that can produce antibodies to this antigen, it differentiates into memory cells and plasma cells, which are the factories that produce the antibodies. With passive immunity, just the antibodies are given, such as an injection. Mothers also confer passive immunity to their children through breast milk. IgA (one of the 5 antibody classes) is secreted. This is temporary as it will bind the antigen, but will not induce production of their own protective antibodies.
In order for antigens to incite the immune response they must be 1 processed 2 reduced 3 combined with other proteins 4 directed?
Antigens incite the immune response by being processed and presented by antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, to T cells. Once presented, the antigens can activate specific immune responses, leading to the generation of memory cells and effector cells that target the antigen. Antigens that are not processed, reduced, or combined with other proteins may not effectively stimulate the immune system.
Why is it important that the capture and detection antibodies recognize different epitopes in ELISA?
Capture and detection antibodies must recognise two non-overlapping apitopes in order to work. Once the detection antibody is bound, the capture antibody cannot obscure the epitope used by the detection antibody in any way, or the sandwich ELISA will not work. Hope that helps, I am also trying to answer a similar question and this is what i have found out so far, but not 100% sure that its right. Eve
What is an antigen made of?
An antigen may be made of either a bacteria or a virus. An antigen refers to a toxic or a foreign substance that once in the body attracts and is bound to a respective and specific antibody.
