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How many assortmants of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible in human gametes?
Wiki User
∙ 14y ago
There are 23 pairs of chromosomes. This means that during meiosis there are 2 varieties of each chromosome to choose from - one paternal and one maternal. The assortment of individual chromosomes occurs independent of the other chromosomes. There are therefore 23 independent selection events, each with 2 options to choose from - so the total number of possible combinations is 223.
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∙ 14y ago
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How many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can be packaged in gametes made by an organism with a diploid number of 8?
There are about 8 million possibilities for the gametes.
How many different possible combinations are there for a cell that has 10 chromosomes 5 pairs?
5.Meiosis reduces chromosome number from diploid (2n) to haploid (n).There must be one copy of either the paternal or maternal of EACH chromosome (one of the two homologous chromosomes) for each chromosome.The ten total chromosomes are replicated into 10 pairs of sister chromatids, 5 homologous PAIRS of chromosomes.After Meiosis I, the homologus PAIRS are separated into two daughter cells (Reducing 2n to n), but sister chromatids are still intact.After Meiosis II, Sister chromatids of each of the two cells divide, forming 4 haploid cells, 5 chromosomes.
What are some rules of heredity?
There are three main ones: The Law of Segregation, the Law of Independent Assortment, and the Law of Dominance. 1)The law of Segregation states that the two alleles (genes) for a heritable character segregate (separate from each other) during gamete (sgg or sperm) formation and end up in different gametes. 2) In the Law of Independent Assortment, the chromosomes that result are randomly sorted from all possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes: 223 3) Law of Dominance states that recessive alleles will always be masked by dominant alleles.(In general).
How does the DNA between a daughter and mother compare?
People have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Parts of chromosomes are exchanged in fertilization. It is possible to take the mothers chromosomes and separate them. It is then possible to take babies chromosomes and separate them. One of each pair from the mother will line up with parts of each of the baby's two sets from top to bottom. You will look down a little on the left side of baby's number of one and that will match the mother's then the match will jump over to the right side.
How do Mendel's experiment shows that traits are independently assorted?
Law of Independent Assortment (The "Second Law")The Law of Independent Assortment, also known as "Inheritance Law", states that alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation. While Mendel's experiments with mixing one trait always resulted in a 3:1 ratio (Fig. 1) between dominant and recessive phenotypes, his experiments with mixing two traits (dihybrid cross) showed 9:3:3:1 ratios (Fig. 2). But the 9:3:3:1 table shows that each of the two genes are independently inherited with a 3:1 ratio. Mendel concluded that different traits are inherited independently of each other, so that there is no relation, for example, between a cat's color and tail length. This is actually only true for genes that are not linked to each other.Independent assortment occurs during meiosis I in eukaryotic organisms, specifically metaphase I of meiosis, to produce a gamete with a mixture of the organism's maternal and paternal chromosomes. Along with chromosomal crossover, this process aids in increasing genetic diversity by producing novel genetic combinations.Of the 46 chromosomes in a normal diploid human cell, half are maternally-derived (from the mother's egg) and half are paternally-derived (from the father's sperm). This occurs as sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two haploid gametes (the egg and sperm) to produce a new organism having the full complement of chromosomes. During gametogenesis - the production of new gametes by an adult - the normal complement of 46 chromosomes needs to be halved to 23 to ensure that the resulting haploid gamete can join with another gamete to produce a diploid organism. An error in the number of chromosomes, such as those caused by a diploid gamete joining with a haploid gamete, is termed aneuploidy.In independent assortment the chromosomes that end up in a newly-formed gamete are randomly sorted from all possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes. Because gametes end up with a random mix instead of a pre-defined "set" from either parent, gametes are therefore considered assorted independently. As such, the gamete can end up with any combination of paternal or maternal chromosomes. Any of the possible combinations of gametes formed from maternal and paternal chromosomes will occur with equal frequency. For human gametes, with 23 pairs of chromosomes, the number of possibilities is 223 or 8,388,608 possible combinations.[3] The gametes will normally end up with 23 chromosomes, but the origin of any particular one will be randomly selected from paternal or maternal chromosomes. This contributes to the genetic variability of progeny.His experiments with the breeding of plants such as peas
What does 'cousin' mean to Arab Americans?
There are 8 Arabic words for the word cousin: ibn 3am (male cousin from the paternal uncle). ibn khal (male cousin from the maternal uncle). bint 3am (female cousin from the paternal uncle). bint khal (female cousin from the maternal uncle). Then there are cousins from the paternal and maternal aunts: ibn 3amma (male cousin from the paternal aunt). ibn khalah (male cousin from the maternal aunt). bint 3ammah (female cousin from the paternal aunt). bint khalah (female cousin from the maternal aunt). Having so many words in a language indicates the importance of family in Arab culture and the importance of being able to place members exactly on the family tree. Learning a language involves learning its culture as well. Learning Arabic online and studying the words of a family free is made possible through http://www.arabacademy.com
How many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can be packaged in gametes made by an organism with a diploid number of 8?
There are about 8 million possibilities for the gametes.
What was Harry Potter grandfather name?
PATERNAL GRANDFATHER -- According to Harry Potter Wiki, it is possible that James Potter I's father and Harry Potter's paternal grandfather is Charlus Potter, a pure-blood wizard who married Dorea Black from the Black family. If not, we may identify him as the default Mr. Potter. PATERNAL GRANDMOTHER -- According to Harry Potter Wiki, it is possible that James Potter I's mother and Harry Potter's paternal grandmother is Dorea Potter (née Black), a pure-blood witch from the Black family who married pure-blood wizard Charlus Potter. If not, we may identify her as the default Mrs. Potter. MATERNAL GRANDFATHER -- There is no canonical proof about the first name of Lily Evans's father and Harry Potter's maternal grandfather, so we may identify him as the default Mr. Evans. MATERNAL GRANDMOTHER -- There is no canonical proof about the first name of Lily Evans's mother and Harry Potter's maternal grandmother, so we may identify her as the default Mrs. Evans.
What heredity factors were described by Mendel?
The Principles of Mendelian Heredity:A. Law of Segregation (First law)-The Law of Segregation states that when any individual produces gametes, the copies of a gene separate so that each gamete receives only one copy. A gamete will receive one allele or the other. The direct proof of this was later found following the observation of meiosis by two independent scientists, the German botanist, Oscar Hertwig in 1876, and the Belgian zoologist, Edouard Van Beneden in 1883. In meiosis the paternal and maternal chromosomes get separated and the alleles with the traits of a character are segregated into two different gametes.B. Law of Independent Assortment(Second law)-The Law of Independent Assortment, also known as "Inheritance Law", states that alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation. While Mendel's experiments with mixing one trait always resulted in a 3:1 ratio (Fig. 1) between dominant and recessive phenotypes, his experiments with mixing two traits (dihybrid cross) showed 9:3:3:1 ratios (Fig. 2). But the 9:3:3:1 table shows that each of the two genes are independently inherited with a 3:1 phenotypic ratio. Mendel concluded that different traits are inherited independently of each other, so that there is no relation, for example, between a cat's color and tail length. This is actually only true for genes that are not linked to each otheIndependent assortment occurs during meiosis I in eukaryotic organisms, specifically metaphase I of meiosis, to produce a gamete with a mixture of the organism's maternal and paternal chromosomes. Along with chromosomal crossover, this process aids in increasing genetic diversity by producing novel genetic combinations.Of the 46 chromosomes in a normal diploid human cell, half are maternally-derived (from the mother's egg) and half are paternally-derived (from the father's sperm). This occurs as sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two haploid gametes (the egg and sperm) to produce a new organism having the full complement of chromosomes. During gametogenesis-the production of new gametes by an adult-the normal complement of 46 chromosomes needs to be halved to 23 to ensure that the resulting haploid gamete can join with another gamete to produce a diploid organism. An error in the number of chromosomes, such as those caused by a diploid gamete joining with a haploid gamete, is termed aneuploidy.In independent assortment the chromosomes that end up in a newly-formed gamete are randomly sorted from all possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes. Because gametes end up with a random mix instead of a pre-defined "set" from either parent, gametes are therefore considered assorted independently. As such, the gamete can end up with any combination of paternal or maternal chromosomes. Any of the possible combinations of gametes formed from maternal and paternal chromosomes will occur with equal frequency. For human gametes, with 23 pairs of chromosomes, the number of possibilities is 223 or 8,388,608 possible combinations.[3] The gametes will normally end up with 23 chromosomes, but the origin of any particular one will be randomly selected from paternal or maternal chromosomes. This contributes to the genetic variability of progeny.Law of Dominance:Mendel's law of dominance states that if you have a pair of genes then the one that shows up in the offspring is most likely the dominant gene because the dominant is passed along more often than the recessive.
How many different possible combinations are there for a cell that has 10 chromosomes 5 pairs?
5.Meiosis reduces chromosome number from diploid (2n) to haploid (n).There must be one copy of either the paternal or maternal of EACH chromosome (one of the two homologous chromosomes) for each chromosome.The ten total chromosomes are replicated into 10 pairs of sister chromatids, 5 homologous PAIRS of chromosomes.After Meiosis I, the homologus PAIRS are separated into two daughter cells (Reducing 2n to n), but sister chromatids are still intact.After Meiosis II, Sister chromatids of each of the two cells divide, forming 4 haploid cells, 5 chromosomes.
What are some rules of heredity?
There are three main ones: The Law of Segregation, the Law of Independent Assortment, and the Law of Dominance. 1)The law of Segregation states that the two alleles (genes) for a heritable character segregate (separate from each other) during gamete (sgg or sperm) formation and end up in different gametes. 2) In the Law of Independent Assortment, the chromosomes that result are randomly sorted from all possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes: 223 3) Law of Dominance states that recessive alleles will always be masked by dominant alleles.(In general).
What is the significance of meiosis in the formation of haploid gametes and its role in genetic variability?
Here are a few points of that broad question:The process of meiosis creates haploid cells (containing a single chromosome set). It introduces a large amount of variablitilty in offspring through the following:Independant Assortment:During Metaphase I the homologous pairs (consisting of one maternal and one paternal chromosome) are situated at the metaphase plate. Each pair may orient its maternal or paternal homolog closer to either pole. Each of the pairs are positioned independantly, each side have a 50% chance of receiving either maternal or paternal chromosomes.The number of combinations that are possible for daughter cells formed by a diploid cell is 2n (n is the haploid number of an organism, for humans the haploid number is 23)Crossing Over:During Phrophase I homologous chromosomes pair loosely along their lengths and the exchange of two corresponding segments of two nonsister chromatids (one paternal and one maternal) occurs.Different arrangements of nonidentical sister chromatids druing meiosis II increase variability.*Products of meiosis allows for random fertilization*The fusion of a male gamete with a female gamete during fertilization will produce a zygote with any of about 70 TRILLION (223 X 223) diploid combinations.Neil A.Campbell, Jane B. Reece, Biology 8th edition, 2008. Pgs 254-259
How does the DNA between a daughter and mother compare?
People have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Parts of chromosomes are exchanged in fertilization. It is possible to take the mothers chromosomes and separate them. It is then possible to take babies chromosomes and separate them. One of each pair from the mother will line up with parts of each of the baby's two sets from top to bottom. You will look down a little on the left side of baby's number of one and that will match the mother's then the match will jump over to the right side.
Is it possible to distinguish individual chromosomes after telophase?
No, after telophase (a.k.a. during interphase) the chromosomes entangle as they replicate however it does again become possible for individual chromosomes to be distinguished in prophase as the chromosomes begin to 'coil up' or condense.
Can you see chromosomes in x ray?
No it is not possible
How do Mendel's experiment shows that traits are independently assorted?
Law of Independent Assortment (The "Second Law")The Law of Independent Assortment, also known as "Inheritance Law", states that alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation. While Mendel's experiments with mixing one trait always resulted in a 3:1 ratio (Fig. 1) between dominant and recessive phenotypes, his experiments with mixing two traits (dihybrid cross) showed 9:3:3:1 ratios (Fig. 2). But the 9:3:3:1 table shows that each of the two genes are independently inherited with a 3:1 ratio. Mendel concluded that different traits are inherited independently of each other, so that there is no relation, for example, between a cat's color and tail length. This is actually only true for genes that are not linked to each other.Independent assortment occurs during meiosis I in eukaryotic organisms, specifically metaphase I of meiosis, to produce a gamete with a mixture of the organism's maternal and paternal chromosomes. Along with chromosomal crossover, this process aids in increasing genetic diversity by producing novel genetic combinations.Of the 46 chromosomes in a normal diploid human cell, half are maternally-derived (from the mother's egg) and half are paternally-derived (from the father's sperm). This occurs as sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two haploid gametes (the egg and sperm) to produce a new organism having the full complement of chromosomes. During gametogenesis - the production of new gametes by an adult - the normal complement of 46 chromosomes needs to be halved to 23 to ensure that the resulting haploid gamete can join with another gamete to produce a diploid organism. An error in the number of chromosomes, such as those caused by a diploid gamete joining with a haploid gamete, is termed aneuploidy.In independent assortment the chromosomes that end up in a newly-formed gamete are randomly sorted from all possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes. Because gametes end up with a random mix instead of a pre-defined "set" from either parent, gametes are therefore considered assorted independently. As such, the gamete can end up with any combination of paternal or maternal chromosomes. Any of the possible combinations of gametes formed from maternal and paternal chromosomes will occur with equal frequency. For human gametes, with 23 pairs of chromosomes, the number of possibilities is 223 or 8,388,608 possible combinations.[3] The gametes will normally end up with 23 chromosomes, but the origin of any particular one will be randomly selected from paternal or maternal chromosomes. This contributes to the genetic variability of progeny.His experiments with the breeding of plants such as peas
Why is it not possible for an individual to have a XY chromosomes?
About half of us DO have an XY chromosome. Males. XX chromosomes are female.
