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Gram-positive bacteria have much thicker peptidoglycan layers than do gram-negative ones. When you apply the crystal violet dye, the molecules are small enough to penetrate the cell walls of all bacteria. Then, the addition of iodine makes the dye molecules too large to pass through thick peptidoglycan. The violet dye gets trapped inside only the gram-positive bacteria.

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12y ago

Thick layer of peptidoglycan. Gram-positive bacteria retain a crystal violet-iodine complex and stain blue-purple.

Source: Bio Lab Manual Mader 10th Edition

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Q: What chemical associated with the cell wall gives gram - positive bacteria its final color?
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