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What water-soluble hormone would most likely bind to what membrane proteins?
Channel linked receptors bind to neurotransmitters. (also called ion channels and ligand gated ion channels) A ligand is the signal molecule i.e the neurotransmitter. Hormones bind to intracellular receptors because hormones are non polar and can cross the cell's plasma membrane. (also called cytoplasmic receptors)
How are chemical signals transmitted across the cell membrane?
Chemical signals are transmitted across the cell membrane through a process called signal transduction. This process involves the binding of a signaling molecule (such as a hormone or neurotransmitter) to a receptor on the cell surface, which triggers a series of events inside the cell to produce a response. This response can include changes in gene expression, activation of enzymes, or modulation of ion channels.
What are the cells that respond to the effects of a hormone called?
Target cells are the cells that have specific receptors for a hormone and are responsive to its effects. These cells can be located throughout the body and are capable of producing a physiological response once the hormone binds to its receptor.
What is the job a a receptor molecule?
A receptor molecule is a molecule that receives information from outside the cell. They are embedded in either the plasma membrane or cytoplasm of a cell. A specific molecule on the surface or inside of a cell with a characteristic chemical and physical structure. Many neurotransmitters and hormones exert their effects by binding to receptors on cells.
What would happen if a hormone receptor did not bind to the right site?
I'm assuming you're asking what would happen if a receptor did not bind the proper hormone. The answer is a complex one because binding to a receptor does not necessarily mean that the receptor will be activated. Sometimes binding causes receptor inhibition; other times it can mean that the properties of the receptor change so that other hormones have an easier/harder time binding and activating it. But for the sake of giving an answer, let's say that we want to know what happens if a hormone binds and activates the wrong receptor. That answer is a relatively simple one: in most cases, the same events would take place that normally happen when the correct hormone binds the receptor. Let's take an example of a relatively uncommon cause of hypertension called hypertension exacerbated in pregnancy. In this condition, there's a mutation in the receptor for the hormone aldosterone that allows other hormones besides aldosterone (eg, progesterone) to bind it and activate it. When progesterone levels are high, as in pregnancy, the extra progesterone binds and heavily activates the aldosterone receptor, and the receptor essentially "thinks" that aldosterone has bound. So the action of progesterone at the aldosterone receptor are the same as aldosterone itself; since aldosterone is a major contributor to blood pressure, blood pressure increases to very high levels.
When a hormone molecule binds to a specific protein on the plasma membrane the protein it binds to is called?
... a receptor protein.
What is the molecule called that can bind to a receptor protein?
The molecule that can bind to a receptor protein is called a ligand.
What water-soluble hormone would most likely bind to what membrane proteins?
Channel linked receptors bind to neurotransmitters. (also called ion channels and ligand gated ion channels) A ligand is the signal molecule i.e the neurotransmitter. Hormones bind to intracellular receptors because hormones are non polar and can cross the cell's plasma membrane. (also called cytoplasmic receptors)
What is a Specific structure that responds to a particular hormone?
The structure is called a hormone receptor. It is a protein located on the surface or within a cell that binds to a specific hormone, triggering a cellular response.
A cell that contains proteins enabling a hormone to selectively bind to its plasma membrane is called what?
Target cell
How are chemical signals transmitted across the cell membrane?
Chemical signals are transmitted across the cell membrane through a process called signal transduction. This process involves the binding of a signaling molecule (such as a hormone or neurotransmitter) to a receptor on the cell surface, which triggers a series of events inside the cell to produce a response. This response can include changes in gene expression, activation of enzymes, or modulation of ion channels.
What are the cells that respond to the effects of a hormone called?
Target cells are the cells that have specific receptors for a hormone and are responsive to its effects. These cells can be located throughout the body and are capable of producing a physiological response once the hormone binds to its receptor.
What is the job a a receptor molecule?
A receptor molecule is a molecule that receives information from outside the cell. They are embedded in either the plasma membrane or cytoplasm of a cell. A specific molecule on the surface or inside of a cell with a characteristic chemical and physical structure. Many neurotransmitters and hormones exert their effects by binding to receptors on cells.
What would happen if a hormone receptor did not bind to the right site?
I'm assuming you're asking what would happen if a receptor did not bind the proper hormone. The answer is a complex one because binding to a receptor does not necessarily mean that the receptor will be activated. Sometimes binding causes receptor inhibition; other times it can mean that the properties of the receptor change so that other hormones have an easier/harder time binding and activating it. But for the sake of giving an answer, let's say that we want to know what happens if a hormone binds and activates the wrong receptor. That answer is a relatively simple one: in most cases, the same events would take place that normally happen when the correct hormone binds the receptor. Let's take an example of a relatively uncommon cause of hypertension called hypertension exacerbated in pregnancy. In this condition, there's a mutation in the receptor for the hormone aldosterone that allows other hormones besides aldosterone (eg, progesterone) to bind it and activate it. When progesterone levels are high, as in pregnancy, the extra progesterone binds and heavily activates the aldosterone receptor, and the receptor essentially "thinks" that aldosterone has bound. So the action of progesterone at the aldosterone receptor are the same as aldosterone itself; since aldosterone is a major contributor to blood pressure, blood pressure increases to very high levels.
What molecule is activated from the binding of an odorant to transmembranous receptor molecules on olfactory hairs?
The molecule activated from the binding of an odorant to transmembrane receptor molecules on olfactory hairs is called cyclic AMP (cAMP). When an odorant binds to the receptor, it triggers a signaling cascade that leads to the production of cAMP, which ultimately stimulates the olfactory sensory neuron and initiates the sense of smell.
What determines what cell a hormone will effect?
The target receptor proteins of cells will cause them to affected by a specific protein. These cells are also called "target" cells. Hormones flow via the bloodstream throughout the entire body, but they only affect their specific "target" cells.
How can nicotine effect the brain?
Your brain is made up of billions of nerve cells. They communicate by releasing chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. Each neurotransmitter is like a key that fits into a special "lock," called a receptor, located on the surface of nerve cells. When a neurotransmitter finds its receptor, it activates the receptor's nerve cell. The nicotine molecule is shaped like a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. Acetylcholine and its receptors are involved in many functions, including muscle movement, breathing, heart rate, learning, and memory. They also cause the release of other neurotransmitters and hormones that affect your mood, appetite, memory, and more. When nicotine gets into the brain, it attaches to acetylcholine receptors and mimics the actions of acetylcholine. Nicotine also activates areas of the brain that are involved in producing feelings of pleasure and reward. Recently, scientists discovered that nicotine raises the levels of a neurotransmitter called dopamine in the parts of the brain that produce feelings of pleasure and reward. Dopamine, which is sometimes called the pleasure molecule, is the same neurotransmitter that is involved in addictions to other drugs such as cocaine and heroin. Researchers now believe that this change in dopamine may play a key role in all addictions. This may help explain why it is so hard for people to stop smoking. For the source and more detailed information concerning this subject, click on the related links section (NIDA) indicated below.
