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What is function of the following molecules in Eukaryote cell -Genomic DNA -mRNA -rRNA -tRNA -snRNA -microRNA?
Genomic DNA: This is an information molecule. It stores directions on how to do various cell processes. It is a "hard-copy" molecule and if destroyed or altered, will likely have bad effects on the cell. It is not directly usable. If its directions are needed, the DNA is temporarily transferred onto the single stranded mRNA molecule.
mRNA (messenger) : This is an information molecule as well. It stores the information about how to make proteins. It gives the order of amino acids through nucleotide triplets called codons.
tRNA (transport) : This is not an information molecule. Its purpose is to "shuttle" amino acids to ribosome during protein synthesis.
rRNA (ribosomal) : This is a structural molecule. The ribosome is largely made up of rRNA.
snRNA (small nuclear): These are involved in RNA splicing, the process of cutting useless parts of RNA out. (When RNA is first copied off DNA, there are a lot of useless parts that need to be removed before the RNA becomes usable.)
microRNA: These are regulatory molecules. They are very short, and bind to sequences on mRNA to inhibit translation.
What else can I help you with?
The RNA that is in the shape of a cloverleaf or hairpin is?
The RNA that is in the shape of a cloverleaf is transfer RNA (tRNA), while the RNA that is in the shape of a hairpin is messenger RNA (mRNA) or microRNA (miRNA). These structures are important for the function and stability of these RNA molecules in cells.
What are the key findings and insights from the latest microrna review?
The latest microRNA review highlighted key findings on the role of microRNAs in regulating gene expression and their potential implications in various diseases. Insights include the importance of microRNAs in cancer development, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. The review also discussed the therapeutic potential of targeting microRNAs for disease treatment.
What is the role of RNA in translation?
RNA (specifically mRNA in eukaryotes) serves as the template that the ribosomes read in order to make the protein. Each amino acid is encoded by three bases of RNA (called a codon). tRNA molecules in the cell bind to the amino acids - a specific tRNA for each amino acid. The tRNA molecules recognise the codons and bind to them thus presenting the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome for he generation of the new protein. There is actually another class of RNA that is now known to be inolved in translation in mammals called microRNA (microRNAs exist in most if not all eukaryotes, but their function differs slightly). In mammals, microRNAs bind to mRNAs and prevent them from being translated. This is a post-transcriptional control of translation.
CGT base triplet on DNA is copied into mRNA as?
CGT base triplet on DNA is copied into mRNA as GCA. This is because DNA and RNA follow complementary base pairing rules, where C in DNA pairs with G in RNA, G in DNA pairs with C in RNA, and T in DNA pairs with A in RNA.
What is a functional RNA?
Functional RNA refers to RNA molecules that have specific roles in regulating gene expression and cellular processes, rather than mere information carriers like messenger RNA (mRNA). Examples of functional RNAs include transfer RNA (tRNA) for protein synthesis, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) for ribosome formation, and microRNA (miRNA) for gene regulation. These RNAs play crucial roles in various cellular functions and help maintain the overall health and functionality of the cell.
What kind of a molecule is a microRNA?
microRNA is a "non-coding RNA" molecule. This means that it does not translate into a protein. These are sometimes also called "non-messenger" RNA molecules.
The RNA that is in the shape of a cloverleaf or hairpin is?
The RNA that is in the shape of a cloverleaf is transfer RNA (tRNA), while the RNA that is in the shape of a hairpin is messenger RNA (mRNA) or microRNA (miRNA). These structures are important for the function and stability of these RNA molecules in cells.
How does the process of RNA interference work?
Certain small RNA molecules fold into loops. The Dicer enzyme cuts them into microRNA (miRNA). The strands then separate. An miRNA piece attaches to a cluster of proteins to form a silencing complex. The silencing complex binds to and destroys an mRNA molecule that contains a base sequence complementary to the miRNA. In this way, it blocks gene expression.
Why are women healthier than men?
Women are not necessarily healthier than men. Women on average do live 5-10 years longer than men because women have the XX chromosomes and men have the XY chromosomes. This matters because the X chromosome contains microRNA (small strands of ribonucleic acid). MicroRNA tells our genes what or what not to do. MicroRNA also plays a role in our body's immune system which can help ward off infections and cancer. A lot of this microRNA is contained in the X chromosome, basically doubling women's chances.
What is the function of the enzyme dicer?
Dicer is an enzyme that plays a key role in RNA interference (RNAi) and microRNA (miRNA) pathways. Its main function is to cleave double-stranded RNA into short RNA fragments, which are then used to regulate gene expression by targeting specific mRNAs for degradation.
What does mir3 stand for?
miR-3 refers to a specific microRNA, which is a small, non-coding RNA molecule involved in regulating gene expression. MicroRNAs like miR-3 play crucial roles in various biological processes, including development, cell differentiation, and response to stress. They typically function by binding to complementary sequences on target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), leading to mRNA degradation or repression of translation. The designation "miR" indicates that it is a microRNA, with the number often reflecting its order of discovery or classification.
What consisting of only about 80 nucleotides which assume a looped shape?
MicroRNA is a type of small non-coding RNA consisting of about 80 nucleotides that forms a looped secondary structure. It plays a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by binding to target messenger RNA molecules.
What is relatively small consisting of only about 80 nucleotides wich assume a looped shape?
This description matches a microRNA (miRNA). MiRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that are about 18-25 nucleotides in length and often assume a looped structure. They play important roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.
What are the key findings and insights from the latest microrna review?
The latest microRNA review highlighted key findings on the role of microRNAs in regulating gene expression and their potential implications in various diseases. Insights include the importance of microRNAs in cancer development, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. The review also discussed the therapeutic potential of targeting microRNAs for disease treatment.
What are examples of microRNA?
Examples of microRNAs include miR-21, miR-155, miR-200, and let-7. These microRNAs play crucial roles in gene expression regulation by targeting specific mRNAs for degradation or translational inhibition.
What are the bases on the mRNA strands are called?
A 3-base sequence of nitrogen bases on a molecule of mRNA is called a codon.
What is role of the translator is?
RNA (specifically mRNA in eukaryotes) serves as the template that the ribosomes read in order to make the protein. Each amino acid is encoded by three bases of RNA (called a codon). tRNA molecules in the cell bind to the amino acids - a specific tRNA for each amino acid. The tRNA molecules recognise the codons and bind to them thus presenting the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome for he generation of the new protein. There is actually another class of RNA that is now known to be inolved in translation in mammals called microRNA (microRNAs exist in most if not all eukaryotes, but their function differs slightly). In mammals, microRNAs bind to mRNAs and prevent them from being translated. This is a post-transcriptional control of translation.
