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What is function of the following molecules in Eukaryote cell -Genomic DNA -mRNA -rRNA -tRNA -snRNA -microRNA?
Beiziers
Genomic DNA: This is an information molecule. It stores directions on how to do various cell processes. It is a "hard-copy" molecule and if destroyed or altered, will likely have bad effects on the cell. It is not directly usable. If its directions are needed, the DNA is temporarily transferred onto the single stranded mRNA molecule.
mRNA (messenger) : This is an information molecule as well. It stores the information about how to make proteins. It gives the order of amino acids through nucleotide triplets called codons.
tRNA (transport) : This is not an information molecule. Its purpose is to "shuttle" amino acids to ribosome during protein synthesis.
rRNA (ribosomal) : This is a structural molecule. The ribosome is largely made up of rRNA.
snRNA (small nuclear): These are involved in RNA splicing, the process of cutting useless parts of RNA out. (When RNA is first copied off DNA, there are a lot of useless parts that need to be removed before the RNA becomes usable.)
microRNA: These are regulatory molecules. They are very short, and bind to sequences on mRNA to inhibit translation.
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CGT base triplet on DNA is copied into mRNA as?
microRNA
What types of RNA are involved in DNA transcription and translation?
RNA (specifically mRNA in eukaryotes) serves as the template that the ribosomes read in order to make the protein. Each amino acid is encoded by three bases of RNA (called a codon). tRNA molecules in the cell bind to the amino acids - a specific tRNA for each amino acid. The tRNA molecules recognise the codons and bind to them thus presenting the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome for he generation of the new protein. There is actually another class of RNA that is now known to be inolved in translation in mammals called microRNA (microRNAs exist in most if not all eukaryotes, but their function differs slightly). In mammals, microRNAs bind to mRNAs and prevent them from being translated. This is a post-transcriptional control of translation.
What is the role of RNA in translation?
RNA (specifically mRNA in eukaryotes) serves as the template that the ribosomes read in order to make the protein. Each amino acid is encoded by three bases of RNA (called a codon). tRNA molecules in the cell bind to the amino acids - a specific tRNA for each amino acid. The tRNA molecules recognise the codons and bind to them thus presenting the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome for he generation of the new protein. There is actually another class of RNA that is now known to be inolved in translation in mammals called microRNA (microRNAs exist in most if not all eukaryotes, but their function differs slightly). In mammals, microRNAs bind to mRNAs and prevent them from being translated. This is a post-transcriptional control of translation.
What is the role in the 3 types of Rna in gene expression?
The central dogma of molecular biology has been: DNA makes RNA; RNA makes proteins. Proteins carry out the bulk of functions involved in running a living organism.
Describe the shapes of the three types of RNA?
There are several different forms of RNA, although three key types of RNA (often cited) refer to (i) messenger RNA (or mRNA), (ii) transfer RNA (or t-RNA) and (iii) ribosomal RNA (or rRNA).mRNA functions primarily as a transfer/relay molecule (for translating genetic information stored within the DNA molecule into protein, via ribosomes). mRNAs also play a crucial role in determining how much of a protein is being expressed in vivo- generally a greater number of mRNA transcripts siginifies an actively-transcribed (and hence actively-expressed) gene. mRNA molecules are generally single-stranded (monocatenary) and short-lived compared to their parental DNA duplex.tRNAs function as transport molecules (for ferrying amino acids to the ribosome for extension of the nascent polypeptide chain during its synthesis on the ribosome de novo). tRNAs may exhibit a characteristic secondary structure, comprising a fixed number of stem-loop/hairpin structures (bicatenary sites) and an anticodon (for association with the mRNA codon via complementary base pairing during polypeptide synthesis).rRNA molecules are often complexed with proteins to form the ribosome (or ribozyme) which is responsible for polypeptide synthesis from their mRNA template in vivo.In addition, other forms of RNA exist - small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA, small nuclear RNA (snRNA), etc. RNAs have also been characterized as fundamental in catalysing numerous in vivo reactions (as riboswitches, etc).
What kind of a molecule is a microRNA?
microRNA is a "non-coding RNA" molecule. This means that it does not translate into a protein. These are sometimes also called "non-messenger" RNA molecules.
What are examples of microRNA?
microRNAs are small single stranded RNA molecules in the cytoplasm of cells. They are found in plants as well as animals.
CGT base triplet on DNA is copied into mRNA as?
microRNA
How does the process of RNA interference work?
Certain small RNA molecules fold into loops. The Dicer enzyme cuts them into microRNA (miRNA). The strands then separate. An miRNA piece attaches to a cluster of proteins to form a silencing complex. The silencing complex binds to and destroys an mRNA molecule that contains a base sequence complementary to the miRNA. In this way, it blocks gene expression.
Why are women healthier than men?
Women are not necessarily healthier than men. Women on average do live 5-10 years longer than men because women have the XX chromosomes and men have the XY chromosomes. This matters because the X chromosome contains microRNA (small strands of ribonucleic acid). MicroRNA tells our genes what or what not to do. MicroRNA also plays a role in our body's immune system which can help ward off infections and cancer. A lot of this microRNA is contained in the X chromosome, basically doubling women's chances.
What is role of the translator is?
RNA (specifically mRNA in eukaryotes) serves as the template that the ribosomes read in order to make the protein. Each amino acid is encoded by three bases of RNA (called a codon). tRNA molecules in the cell bind to the amino acids - a specific tRNA for each amino acid. The tRNA molecules recognise the codons and bind to them thus presenting the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome for he generation of the new protein. There is actually another class of RNA that is now known to be inolved in translation in mammals called microRNA (microRNAs exist in most if not all eukaryotes, but their function differs slightly). In mammals, microRNAs bind to mRNAs and prevent them from being translated. This is a post-transcriptional control of translation.
What is the role of the translator?
RNA (specifically mRNA in eukaryotes) serves as the template that the ribosomes read in order to make the protein. Each amino acid is encoded by three bases of RNA (called a codon). tRNA molecules in the cell bind to the amino acids - a specific tRNA for each amino acid. The tRNA molecules recognise the codons and bind to them thus presenting the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome for he generation of the new protein. There is actually another class of RNA that is now known to be inolved in translation in mammals called microRNA (microRNAs exist in most if not all eukaryotes, but their function differs slightly). In mammals, microRNAs bind to mRNAs and prevent them from being translated. This is a post-transcriptional control of translation.
Which type of RNA makes protein?
1. mRNA - provides 'template' for protein 2. tRNA - carries amino acids 3. microRNA/siRNA - regulate protein production
What are the bases on the mRNA strands are called?
A 3-base sequence of nitrogen bases on a molecule of mRNA is called a codon.
What many different RNA exist?
4 different RNAS exist. There is mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, and as of this past year microRNA. Although these are the only known ones there may be numerous more.
What types of RNA are involved in DNA transcription and translation?
RNA (specifically mRNA in eukaryotes) serves as the template that the ribosomes read in order to make the protein. Each amino acid is encoded by three bases of RNA (called a codon). tRNA molecules in the cell bind to the amino acids - a specific tRNA for each amino acid. The tRNA molecules recognise the codons and bind to them thus presenting the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome for he generation of the new protein. There is actually another class of RNA that is now known to be inolved in translation in mammals called microRNA (microRNAs exist in most if not all eukaryotes, but their function differs slightly). In mammals, microRNAs bind to mRNAs and prevent them from being translated. This is a post-transcriptional control of translation.
What is the role of RNA in translation?
RNA (specifically mRNA in eukaryotes) serves as the template that the ribosomes read in order to make the protein. Each amino acid is encoded by three bases of RNA (called a codon). tRNA molecules in the cell bind to the amino acids - a specific tRNA for each amino acid. The tRNA molecules recognise the codons and bind to them thus presenting the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome for he generation of the new protein. There is actually another class of RNA that is now known to be inolved in translation in mammals called microRNA (microRNAs exist in most if not all eukaryotes, but their function differs slightly). In mammals, microRNAs bind to mRNAs and prevent them from being translated. This is a post-transcriptional control of translation.
