What provide the blueprint for making protein?

Answer 1

The blueprint for a protein stems from the cell's genome. The DNA consists of nucleic acids arranged uniquely into tightly packed chromosomes that are subsequently unraveled to expose segments of genes. These genes encode the full sequence blueprint of a protein. However, there is an abundance of unnecessary coding that must systematically be excised before a protein can be made. The cell undergoes transcription of the DNA segment, is carefully spliced into its proper transcript form, and shuttled out of the nucleus. It is then processed in the endoplasmic reticulum via translation and packaged and folded in the Golgi apparatus. It is important to note the uniqueness of all organisms. These processes can be manipulated. Here, I provided a standard rubric for protein processing originated ultimately from the organism's inimitable DNA.

Answer 2

DNA contains all of the information that codes for our unique characteristics, and consequently all the information that codes for our individual proteins to keep us alive. So, what happens is during transcription in the nucleus, a strand of DNA that contains specific information (say your body needs a specific enzyme during a metabolic process) is spliced into two different strands and then matched up with an mRNA strand. The mRNA takes a copy of the DNA strand for example, say this strand is the DNA:

ACG TAC CTA ACC GGA CCC

The mRNA will make a complete copy that will look like this:

UGC AUG GAU UGG CCU GGG

The mRNA is then exported into the cytoplasm where it is matched up with a ribosome, which produces proteins. It is here that the strand is translated into a "language" that the ribosome will understand, so a new strand is created that matches the mRNA strand. It would look like this:

ACG UAC CUA ACC GGA CCC

it almost looks identical to the original strand, only it has uracil instead of thyamine because it is RNA not DNA.

So it is the DNA that contains this vital information. If this vital information was freely floating around in the cytoplasm, enzymes would readily "eat away" at the DNA. I don't know how far along you are, but there are actually chunks attached to either end of the strand called exons and introns that prevent the enzymes from destroying the strands during the short time that it is in the cytoplasm.

Once the strand goes through the ribosome, the protein is then produced since the DNA had the correct arrangement of codons, which are recognized as amino acids in the ribosome.

Here is an analogy:

There is helicopter pilot who crashed on an island called Nucleopolis and he got scrambled and twisted in the propellers, turning him into a helical shape. He was on a very important mission you see, he was trying to find a whole bunch of coconuts to send to another island in the area, so he wrote a message and stuck in a bottle and sent it out into the sea. A short while later a man named Martin RNA found it on the west coast of the island and he didn't understand the message, for he only spoke Ribonese so he trecked to the east coast of the island to find the infamous translator Timothy RNA. Timmy then translated the message and figured out that they had to make a string of coconuts and send them out where they were needed. Keep in mind that the pilot was perfectly contented and didn't need to be saved, he only cared that the coconuts got to where they needed to be.

Hope this helps! :)

Answer 3

The gene sequence is located on DNA. A copy is made onto MRNA. You take the exons, or important peices from the MRNA, put them together and make the sequence for the proteins.