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Say the part of the gene that is mutated does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein made through the mRNA; hydrophobic amino acid stays hydrophobic. We have many of these small nucleotide polymorphisms in our genomes and they are useful trackers of human migrations, for instance.
What else can I help you with?
Does this mutation affect the protein produced?
Mutations in DNA cause an incorrect amino acid to be used when assembling the protein. If the protein is complex, the mutation will cause a subtle failure in the process that the mutation affects. Errors in proteins due to mutations either lead to death or to a disruption of control paths, which causes illness and loss of function. But a mutation in the DNA doesn't necesarily make a difference, as more than one DNA sequence codes for the same amino acids, and if that is the case before and after the mutation, it wouldn't have any effect. However mutations can also be a good thing, as it can randomly generate a positive effect, like making enzymes for processing grass, this is the theory behind evolution
What effect does insertion have on the protein produced?
Insertion of additional amino acids into a protein can alter its structure and function. The inserted amino acids may disrupt the protein's folding or change its active site, affecting its ability to interact with other molecules or carry out its specific biological function. Overall, insertion can lead to changes in the protein's properties and potentially impact its overall biological function.
Why can some gene mutatuions be harmful while others have no effect?
Let's consider a simple example: protein-coding genes. Mutations, or changes in the DNA sequence of the gene, can alter the amino acid sequence of the protein it codes for, if the new sequence translates into different amino acids. Because the genetic code is degenerate, some amino acids are specified by multiple codons, so some mutations may not alter the amino acid sequence at all. Such mutations, called synonymousmutations, have no affect on the protein. Mutations that alter the amino-acid sequence of the protein, called non-synonymousmutations, may or may not have an affect. Most proteins can tolerate some changes to that sequence and not be significantly affected, but if the sequence change is large enough, or occurs at a critical point so that the structure of the protein is significantly altered, then the protein may become non-functional. If that protein is essential to an organism, such a mutation may be lethal.
Why do some kinds of point mutations cause greater changes in proteins than others?
Because not every point mutation changes the protein. If it doesn't change, we call it a silent mutation or when one letter is deleted at the beginning, than the whole chain changes, but if it's at the end only the and changes so it's a bigger effect on the protein :p
Why is is it possible for a point mutation to have no affect on the protein produced?
A point mutation can have no effect on the protein produced if it occurs in a non-coding region of the gene, such as an intron. In coding regions (exons), silent mutations can also occur where the mutation leads to a codon that still codes for the same amino acid, preserving the protein's function. Additionally, some amino acid substitutions might not impact the protein's structure or function due to redundancy in the genetic code or similarities in amino acid properties.
Do all mutations affect the protein results?
No. Point mutations may have no effect on the protein, however, they can also be very harmful.
Does this mutation affect the protein produced?
Mutations in DNA cause an incorrect amino acid to be used when assembling the protein. If the protein is complex, the mutation will cause a subtle failure in the process that the mutation affects. Errors in proteins due to mutations either lead to death or to a disruption of control paths, which causes illness and loss of function. But a mutation in the DNA doesn't necesarily make a difference, as more than one DNA sequence codes for the same amino acids, and if that is the case before and after the mutation, it wouldn't have any effect. However mutations can also be a good thing, as it can randomly generate a positive effect, like making enzymes for processing grass, this is the theory behind evolution
Where in the where in the genome do most mutations occur?
Most mutations in the genome occur in non-coding regions, particularly in introns and intergenic regions, which do not directly code for proteins. These areas are generally more tolerant to changes because they do not alter protein function. However, mutations can also occur in coding regions, where they may lead to changes in amino acid sequences and potentially impact protein function. Overall, the majority of mutations are neutral or have little effect on the organism's phenotype.
How do mutations impact patters of inheritance?
they can be neutral and have no effect, improve a protein and be beneficial, result in a protein that does not work, which may cause disease
What effect does insertion have on the protein produced?
Insertion of additional amino acids into a protein can alter its structure and function. The inserted amino acids may disrupt the protein's folding or change its active site, affecting its ability to interact with other molecules or carry out its specific biological function. Overall, insertion can lead to changes in the protein's properties and potentially impact its overall biological function.
How is it possible for a point mutation to have no effect on the function of gene?
If the point mutation does not change the protein to be translated in the 3-letter sequence, then it will have no effect on the gene's function.
Why can some gene mutatuions be harmful while others have no effect?
Let's consider a simple example: protein-coding genes. Mutations, or changes in the DNA sequence of the gene, can alter the amino acid sequence of the protein it codes for, if the new sequence translates into different amino acids. Because the genetic code is degenerate, some amino acids are specified by multiple codons, so some mutations may not alter the amino acid sequence at all. Such mutations, called synonymousmutations, have no affect on the protein. Mutations that alter the amino-acid sequence of the protein, called non-synonymousmutations, may or may not have an affect. Most proteins can tolerate some changes to that sequence and not be significantly affected, but if the sequence change is large enough, or occurs at a critical point so that the structure of the protein is significantly altered, then the protein may become non-functional. If that protein is essential to an organism, such a mutation may be lethal.
What are three effects of nucleotide substitution?
Nucleotide substitution can lead to several effects, including missense mutations, where a different amino acid is incorporated into a protein, potentially altering its function. It can also result in nonsense mutations, causing premature termination of protein synthesis, which often leads to nonfunctional proteins. Additionally, silent mutations may occur, where the substitution does not change the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code, often having little to no effect on the organism.
How is it possible for a point mutation to have no effect on the function of the gene TAC CG?
A point mutation may have no effect on the function of the gene TAC CG if it occurs in a non-coding region of the DNA or if it results in a synonymous change, where the altered codon still codes for the same amino acid due to the redundancy of the genetic code. Additionally, mutations may not affect the protein's structure or function if they occur in regions of the protein that are not critical for its activity. Furthermore, if the mutation does not alter gene expression levels or the protein's folding and stability, its functional impact may be negligible.
Why do some kinds of point mutations cause greater changes in proteins than others?
Because not every point mutation changes the protein. If it doesn't change, we call it a silent mutation or when one letter is deleted at the beginning, than the whole chain changes, but if it's at the end only the and changes so it's a bigger effect on the protein :p
Why is is it possible for a point mutation to have no affect on the protein produced?
A point mutation can have no effect on the protein produced if it occurs in a non-coding region of the gene, such as an intron. In coding regions (exons), silent mutations can also occur where the mutation leads to a codon that still codes for the same amino acid, preserving the protein's function. Additionally, some amino acid substitutions might not impact the protein's structure or function due to redundancy in the genetic code or similarities in amino acid properties.
Are all DNA mutations detrimental?
Nope! Sometimes mutations are "silent mutations", this means that changing out the base does not change the amino acid made (as many amino acids are coded by about 3 different base combinations) Also, the mutation may only swap out an amino acid with a similar one, causing no change in the function of the protein it codes for. A lot of times, several AA's can be altered (even w/ very different AA's), and the protein structure/function can remain the same. Also.... DNA mutations that result in phenotypic mutations are sometimes a good thing: hence evolution... many small mutations causing an advantage over time. :) So mostly mutations that cause a base to swap out for another one are safe. Those that delete or insert a base change the reading frame and that's bad!
