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it can donate a maximum of 2, but may only donate 1 due to the amount of dissociation that occurs. if the acid is added to water, the first hydrogen will be lost in the reaction:

H2PO4 <===> HPO4- + H+

The next reaction may or may not occur due to the dissociation of the first H+. if the first hydrogen has remained, then the second will not dissociate as the concentration of hydrogens is too high, and the backwards reaction may take place, where the negative, single hydrogen ion will accept the hydrogen as it is a conjugate base, creates the original reactant.

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