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An unionized drug tends to be lipophilic (and hence, would be hydrophobic). Thus, an ionized drug on the other hand would be lipophobic (i.e. the opposite of lipophilic), lipid-hating.
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What is an ionized atom?
When an atom is ionized, that means that it is sharing one or more electrons with another atom.
What happens is an atom is ionized?
When an atom is ionized, that means that it is sharing one or more electrons with another atom.
What are polar drugs and non polar drugs?
The process of metabolism transforms lipophilic drugs into more polar(hydrophilic), readily excretable products.
Which is more highly ionized HCl or CH3COOH?
Hcl, it's ph is lower.
Why do monoprotic acidic salts behave as strong acids?
because they dissociate more rapidly and donate hydrogen ion for reduction as soon as it is ionized
What is effect of pH on absorption of a drug?
the more ionized the drug is the less absorption
Why is drug metabolism needed?
Drug metabolism is needed is lipophilic drugs cannot be cleared renally. These lipophilic drugs need to be metabolised into more polar products so that they can be excreted in the urine.
How can drugs with the COOH be made more lipophilic?
The COOH group can be changed to a tetrazole group to increase the drug's lipophilicity. Both groups have a similar pKa value so the ionisation of the molecules should be similar.
Plasma?
an ionized gas consisting of positive ions and free electrons in proportions resulting in more or less no overall electric charge.
What is is an ionized atom?
When an atom is ionized, that means that it is sharing one or more electrons with another atom.
What is an ionized atom?
When an atom is ionized, that means that it is sharing one or more electrons with another atom.
What are some trends for drugs in a homologous series?
Some trends for drugs in a homologous series include increasing molecular weight and size with an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the chain. This can affect the drug's potency, pharmacokinetics, and metabolic stability. Additionally, there may be trends in solubility, lipophilicity, and protein binding affinity as the alkyl chain length varies.
What happens is an atom is ionized?
When an atom is ionized, that means that it is sharing one or more electrons with another atom.
Can lipophilicity increase toxicity?
Yes. When substances are lipophilic (hydrophobic), they are usually much more easily retained in fat in the body, reducing its elimination rate. This allows for such substances (such as lipophilic vitamins) to accumulate in the body to toxic levels.
Is a steroid hydrophobic or hydrophilic or amphipathic?
Yes. However, more to the point is that steroid hormones are lipophilic.
Why are lipophilic viruses easier to kill?
Lipophilic viruses require the lipid (fatty) envelope to remain active ("live"*), and the fatty layer can be destroyed by alcohol. Non-lipophilic viruses do not require this fatty envelope, and the protein layer (capsid) is more resistant to alcohol. *Note: viruses are not actually alive, they are only genetic codes with 1 or 2 (lipophilic) protective layers. Biologists call "live" viruses *active* and "dead" viruses *inactive* or *inactivated*.
What happens during the biphasic process of drug metabolism?
Phase I: Lipophilic drugs need to become more polar so that they can be excreted in urine. New polar functional groups hence need to be unmasked for added to them. This can happen via oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis.Phase II: The original drug or drug metabolites gets conjugated to acetate, sulfate, glutathione, or glucuronic acid. They can hence be excreted even more quickly due to their increased polarity.
