Chemical processes have no effect on the nucleus otherwise we would be in deep trouble
The lone pair pushes bonding electron pairs away.
it combines two or more molecules when bonding
In ionic bonding, the atom of the metal element loses its electrons in its valence shell to attain full electronic configuration, forming a cation and gives it to the non-metal for it to attain full electronic configuration, forming an anion. Full electronic configuration (noble gas configuration) means it has no valence electrons (electrons at its last shell). The cations and anions are arranged in giant lattice structure, whereby each cation is joined with 6 other anions and vice versa.
During reaction of metals and non-metals, metal atoms tend to loose electrons and non-metal atoms tend to gain electrons. This transfer of electrons has a predictable offect on the size of the ions that form, and that predictable effect on the size is called the ionic size.
A hybrid is created when two atomic orbitals overlap. Further, "hybridization is a theoretical process involving the combination of atomic orbitals to create a new set of orbitals that take part in covalent bonding."
Conduction is the transfer of electrons in an element while Heat is the effect caused due to the transfer of electrons .
The lone pair pushes bonding electron pairs away.
In ionic bonding electrons are transferred from one element to another and are localised and not shared. the force of attraction in ionic bonding is electrostatic. In covalent bonding electrons are shared, or in some cases delocalised as in benzene. The source of the strength of a covalent bond is a quantum effect.
The lone pair pushes bonding electron pairs away.
This is the valence shell and is involved in bonding e.g. the sharing or loss of electrons to form a molecule or giant structure. Inner shells do not take part in bonding though their shielding effect and repulsion does affect the loss and gain of electrons from this shell.
Resonance effect: It is a way of describing delocalized electrons within certain molecules or polyatomic ions where the bonding cannot be expressed by one single Lewis formula.A molecule or ion with such delocalized electrons is represented by several contributing structures called as resonance structures or canonical forms. Inductive Effect: It is a permanent effect. When group attached to carbon atom attract electrons from them or push the electrons toward it is called as Inductive effect.
Mostly outer electrons are involved in chemical bonds, however the inner electrons provide magnetic forces and they effect chemical reactions.
Two atoms can interact to form molecules by sharing a pair of electrons. This process is known as covalent bonding.
it combines two or more molecules when bonding
Einstein's photoelectric effect work found that the incident light involved in the photoelectric effect was made of individual quanta (photons) that interacted with the metal's electrons like discrete particles, not waves.
The number of valence electrons in a single group does not change in the s and p block elements, groups 1, 2, 13-17. However in groups 13 -16 the so-called inert pair effect seems to indicate that the s electrons do not get involved so readiliy in bonding and the heavier elements exhibit a valency 2 less than the lighter members. E.g Gallium has Ga+ ion as well as a Ga3+.
In ionic bonding, the atom of the metal element loses its electrons in its valence shell to attain full electronic configuration, forming a cation and gives it to the non-metal for it to attain full electronic configuration, forming an anion. Full electronic configuration (noble gas configuration) means it has no valence electrons (electrons at its last shell). The cations and anions are arranged in giant lattice structure, whereby each cation is joined with 6 other anions and vice versa.