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Carbohydrates: include sugars and their polymers. They include monosaccharides disaccharides, and polysaccharides. The monosaccharide is a monomer, the disaccharide is a polymer,and the polysaccharides are macromolecules.
Monosaccharides: The basic formula (CH2O)
Examples: triose sugars, 3 carbons, glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone; pentose sugars. 5 carbons. ribose, deoxyribose, and ribulose; hexose sugars, 6 carbons, glucose, galactose, and fructose.
Disaccharides: These are double sugars with the formula C12H22O11. Notice that one molecule of water is missing from the formula. The covalent bond holding the two monomers together is called a 1-4 or 1-2 glycoside linkage. Examples: sucrose = glucose + fructose. maltose = glucose + glucose, and lactose = glucose + galactose.
Lipids: A group of polymers that have one characteristic in common, they do not mix with water. They are hydrophobic. Some important groups are fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
Fats: are large molecules composed of 2 types of monomers, glycerol ( an alcohol containing 3 carbons) and 3 fatty acid molecules. The bond connecting the glycerol and fatty acids in the fat molecule is called an ester bond.
Phospholipids: structurally related to fats but contain 2 fatty acids and one molecule of phosphate. These molecules are found making up the plasma membrane of cells. They exhibit a polar and non polar quality. The phosphate group is hydrophilic while the fatty acid area is hydrophobic.
Steroids: Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton of 4 fused rings. Cholesterol is an important steroid found in all animal tissue. Plants do not contain cholesterol. Cholesterol functions in many ways: it is a precursor from which many of the bodies steroids are constructed from. It also adds strength to the plasma membrane in animal cells.
Proteins: macromolecules that make up 50% of the dry weight of most cells. They are composed of amino acids.
There are 20 different amino acids. Each amino acid has an optical isomer. The left amino acid is the functional one. The D- amino acid only rarely function. Proteins are formed by bonding amino acids together. The bond formed is called a peptide bond.
What else can I help you with?
Why don't lipids have monomers?
Lipids do not have monomers because they are made up of diverse molecules like fatty acids, glycerol, and other components, rather than repeating units like monomers found in polymers.
when monomers are joined together what do they form?
Monomers joined together make a polymer.
What are some examples of monomers in proteins?
Some examples of monomers in proteins include amino acids such as glycine, alanine, and lysine. These monomers are the building blocks that make up the structure of proteins.
What are the monomers in spandex?
Spandex polymers are composed of three different monomers. Dialcohol monomers make up the rubbery, soft part of the polymer while diamine and diisocyanate monomers make up the rigid, hard part of the polymer. The three monomers of spandex therefore are dialcohol, diamine and diisocyanate.
What monomers make up a lipid?
A lipid is made up of two types of monomers: glycerol and fatty acids. Glycerol is a three-carbon molecule with three hydroxyl (OH) groups, while fatty acids are long hydrocarbon chains with a carboxylic acid group at one end. When these two monomers combine through dehydration synthesis, they form various types of lipids such as triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids.
What are the monomers that make up lipids?
The monomers that make up lipids are fatty acids and glycerol.
What monomers are used to make up lipids?
Glycerol and 3 fatty acids is the monomer of a lipid.This is also the basic structure of a lipid.
What are the monomers that make up the 4 biological macromolecules?
The monomers of nucleic acids are nucleotides.Of polysaccharides: monosaccharides.Of polypeptides (the chains that make up proteins): amino acids.Lipids are macromolecules, but are not polymers, so they do not have monomers.
Why don't lipids have monomers?
Lipids do not have monomers because they are made up of diverse molecules like fatty acids, glycerol, and other components, rather than repeating units like monomers found in polymers.
What are the monomers of lipids and how do they contribute to the structure and function of lipids?
The monomers of lipids are fatty acids and glycerol. They contribute to the structure and function of lipids by forming long chains that make up the backbone of lipid molecules. These chains can be saturated or unsaturated, affecting the physical properties of the lipid. Additionally, lipids play a crucial role in energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure.
What is the relationship between lipids and their monomer and polymer structures?
Lipids are made up of monomers called fatty acids, which are the building blocks of lipids. When fatty acids combine, they form polymers known as triglycerides or phospholipids. These polymers make up the structure of lipids and play a crucial role in their functions in the body.
What are the monomers that make up fats?
The monomers that make up fats are called fatty acids.
What monomers make up the polysaccharide starch?
Glucose monomers make up the polysaccharide starch.
when monomers are joined together what do they form?
Monomers joined together make a polymer.
Is the monomers of DNA are nucleic acids?
No, the monomers of DNA are nucleotides, not nucleic acids. Nucleotides are composed of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Nucleic acids are polymers made up of nucleotide monomers, and DNA is a specific type of nucleic acid.
What are the monomers of the lipids?
Lipids are unlike the other macromolecules in that they do not have monomers per se. They are made up of glycerol and fatty acids, but it's not like DNA which is made up of nucleotides or proteins that are made up of amino acids. However, they are still considered macromolecules as lipids are a large category of important molecules in the human body.
What to many monomers make up when they are linked together?
When many monomers are linked together, they form a polymer. Polymers are large molecules made up of repeating units called monomers, which are attached together through chemical bonds. This process is known as polymerization.
