According to McGregor, there are the following two types of managers:
• Theory X managers - These managers believe that most of the people are self-centered, are only motivated by their physiological and safety needs, and are indifferent to the needs of the organization they work for. They (usually the team) lack ambition and have very little creativity and problem-solving capacity. As a result, they dislike their work and will try to avoid it. They will also avoid taking responsibility and initiative. There is one word to describe Theory X managers: distrust. They distrust their employees. These managers, therefore, tend to be authoritarian.
• Theory Y managers - As opposed to Theory X managers, Theory Y managers trust their employees. They believe that most of the people are high performers in a proper work environment. This is because most of the people are creative and committed to meeting the needs of the organization they work for. Theory Y managers also believe that most people like to take responsibility and initiative and are self-disciplined. Finally, they also believe that most people are motivated by all levels of needs in the Maslow's hierarchy of needs. These managers tend to provide more freedom and opportunity for career growth.
Trivia:
Given the same team and same work environment, a Theory Y Manager's team will perform better and deliver better quality work product than the team managed by the Theory X Manager. The reason is simple. People hate authority and in most cases rebel
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1 GSM = 0.0426 mil if the density is of Polyethylene or 0.92g density. 1 mil = 23.474 GSM m2 (1) g 30,000 in2 mil lb (30,000) _____ x _____ x ________ x ___ x ____ = MIL _________ = 0.0426 1550 in2 m2 lb 1 454g (1550 x 454) Example 60 GSM = (60*30,000) / (1550*454) =2.56 mil 60 * .0426 = 2.56 mil
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The McGregor's theory x implies that workers need close supervision because they are not self motivated by nature. The theory y implies that there is no need for close supervision because employees can generally motivate themselves to meet targets.
Theory X and Y are limited in that they are absolutes. As McGregor defines them, they are "the two ways" of viewing all workers. Perhaps in the 1950's when McGregor conducted his research, Theory X was the prevailing method of management and his idealistic (or humanistic) approach to management seemed reasonable to apply in contrast. However, seldom do we see that one person has exclusively Theory X or Theory Y belief systems. In many cases, managers find certain people (and certain roles) are more apt to be motivated in certain ways, and through trial and error, perhaps deduce that some "would be 'Theory X'" employees actually have the drive, motivation, and intelligence to be treated differently, and even thrive under those conditions. Source: http://www.project-management-course.info/theory-x-manager-eeek/
Centralization:decentralization::theory X:Theory Not-X
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example of theory X is the toyota company example of theory Y is Google company Ashraf
The assumptions of a Theory X worker is that they are;lazydislike responsibilityresistant to changelack ambition
According to McGregor, there are the following two types of managers:• Theory X managers - These managers believe that most of the people are self-centered, are only motivated by their physiological and safety needs, and are indifferent to the needs of the organization they work for. They (usually the team) lack ambition and have very little creativity and problem-solving capacity. As a result, they dislike their work and will try to avoid it. They will also avoid taking responsibility and initiative. There is one word to describe Theory X managers: distrust. They distrust their employees. These managers, therefore, tend to be authoritarian.• Theory Y managers - As opposed to Theory X managers, Theory Y managers trust their employees. They believe that most of the people are high performers in a proper work environment. This is because most of the people are creative and committed to meeting the needs of the organization they work for. Theory Y managers also believe that most people like to take responsibility and initiative and are self-disciplined. Finally, they also believe that most people are motivated by all levels of needs in the Maslow's hierarchy of needs. These managers tend to provide more freedom and opportunity for career growth.Trivia:Given the same team and same work environment, a Theory Y Manager's team will perform better and deliver better quality work product than the team managed by the Theory X Manager. The reason is simple. People hate authority and in most cases rebel
Theory X and Theory Y are two contrasting management theories proposed by Douglas McGregor in the 1960s. Theory X assumes that employees are inherently lazy and need to be closely controlled and directed. Theory Y, on the other hand, assumes that employees are self-motivated and can be trusted to take initiative and responsibility in their work.
According to McGregor, there are the following two types of managers:• Theory X managers - These managers believe that most of the people are self-centered, are only motivated by their physiological and safety needs, and are indifferent to the needs of the organization they work for. They (usually the team) lack ambition and have very little creativity and problem-solving capacity. As a result, they dislike their work and will try to avoid it. They will also avoid taking responsibility and initiative. There is one word to describe Theory X managers: distrust. They distrust their employees. These managers, therefore, tend to be authoritarian.• Theory Y managers - As opposed to Theory X managers, Theory Y managers trust their employees. They believe that most of the people are high performers in a proper work environment. This is because most of the people are creative and committed to meeting the needs of the organization they work for. Theory Y managers also believe that most people like to take responsibility and initiative and are self-disciplined. Finally, they also believe that most people are motivated by all levels of needs in the Maslow's hierarchy of needs. These managers tend to provide more freedom and opportunity for career growth.Trivia:Given the same team and same work environment, a Theory Y Manager's team will perform better and deliver better quality work product than the team managed by the Theory X Manager. The reason is simple. People hate authority and in most cases rebel
Theory X is a group of ideas created by Douglas McGreggor in the 1960's. It deals with human motivations. He also discussed theory
One criticism of McGregor's Theory X is that it creates diseconomies of scale in large applications. One criticism of McGregor's Theory Y is that it may not be possible for the superior-subordinate relationship to flower organically.
McGregor's Theory X suggests that employees are lazy, need to be micromanaged, and prefer to be directed rather than take initiative. In contrast, Theory Y posits that employees are inherently motivated, responsible, and seek out challenges in their work. Theory Y aligns more with a participative management style, while Theory X is more authoritarian.