The network layer is the third level of the Open Systems Interconnection or the OSI model. The protocols that are implemented at this layer which carry user data include: internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) and Novell Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX).
The Application layer uses protocols that are implemented within applications and services. While applications provide people with a way to create messages and Application layer services establish an interface to the network, protocols provide the rules and formats that govern how data is treated.
Network Layer
upper-layer connection-oriented protocols
The routing process occurs in the 3rd OSI layer (network layer) routing protocols use network address (IP address in TCP/IP) to chose the correct path to the destination. ps: You can also have routing protocols on other layers sometimes (application layer in p2p routing) but this is something completely different.
No, At each layer, protocols perform servers unique to that layer. While performing those services, the protocols also interact with protocols in the layers directly above and below. In addition, at the top of the OSI model, Application layer protocols interact with the software you use. At the bottom, Phsyical layer services act on the networking cables and connectors to issue and receive signals.
TCP/IP protocols are implemented by software, except for the bottom physical layer, which is implemented in hardware.
A hub is a layer 1 network device (hardware), and the 'web' is a software concept implemented by different protocols and multiple devices.
The Application layer uses protocols that are implemented within applications and services. While applications provide people with a way to create messages and Application layer services establish an interface to the network, protocols provide the rules and formats that govern how data is treated.
software
The network layer protocol is Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
Network Layer
Network control protocol
Session Layer
Protocols that do not operate at the network layer include those in the transport layer, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which are responsible for end-to-end communication and data flow control. Additionally, application layer protocols like Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) operate above the network layer to facilitate specific application services. Furthermore, protocols in the data link layer, such as Ethernet and Wi-Fi, manage local network communication and frame delivery.
There is a good descrition of the network layer and TCP in the related link. NO. In general TCP and UDP are transport protocols that operates in Layer 4 Transport Layer
TELNET
The Network Access Layer is the lowest layer of the TCP/IP protocol hierarchy. The protocols in this layer provide the means for the system to deliver data to the other devices on a directly attached network. It defines how to use the network to transmit an IP datagram. Unlike higher-level protocols, Network Access Layer protocols must know the details of the underlying network (its packet structure, addressing, etc.) to correctly format the data being transmitted to comply with the network constraints. The TCP/IP Network Access Layer can encompass the functions of all three lower layers of the OSI reference Model (Network, Data Link, and Physical).