The session layer (layer 5)
The Physical Layer
+network layer logical communication between hosts +transport layer: logical communication between processes ex: we have 2 house and one house have 12 room. kids in the houses send letter together. network layer: only send letter between the houses transport layer: it make sure that the letter be sent to right the room in the house.
The speed at which it establish a network connection.
There are three layers in between the network layer & application layer on the basis of ISO-OSI refference they are given below 1:Transmition layer 2:Session layer 3:Presentation layer
In a virtual circuit network, there is an end-to-end connection in the sense that each router along the path must maintain state for the connection; hence the terminology connection service. In a connection-oriented transport service over a connectionless network layer, such as TCP over IP, the end systems maintain connection state, but the routers have no notion of any connections; hence the terminology connection-oriented service.
IGMP
transport
manages the data transport between the processes running on each end host
TCP is the protocol of network layer, It is connection oriented protocol. UDP is the protocol of network layer, It is connection less protocol.
The Physical Layer
The Access Layer
During a PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) connection, the NCP (Network Control Protocol) provides two main functions: it establishes and configures the network layer protocols used over the link, and it manages the negotiation of options for these protocols. NCP allows different network layer protocols to operate simultaneously over the same link by encapsulating their packets. Additionally, it facilitates the dynamic assignment of IP addresses and other necessary parameters for the network layer.
+network layer logical communication between hosts +transport layer: logical communication between processes ex: we have 2 house and one house have 12 room. kids in the houses send letter together. network layer: only send letter between the houses transport layer: it make sure that the letter be sent to right the room in the house.
The physical layer - it describes the hardware and the signaling techniques used at the physical connection between the network and the device.
The OSI model's data link layer is divided into two sublayers: the Logical Link Control (LLC) and the Media Access Control (MAC) layers. The LLC layer manages communication between devices on a network, while the MAC layer controls access to the physical network medium.
The OSI layer responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating connections with the destination is the Session Layer, which is the fifth layer of the OSI model. It manages sessions between applications, ensuring that data exchange occurs smoothly and efficiently. This layer provides mechanisms for controlling the dialog and synchronization between communication parties.
NCP (Network Control Protocol) is responsible for negotiating and configuring the network-layer parameters of a PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) session. It establishes and manages the network control options needed for the successful communication between the two endpoints of the PPP link. NCP allows for the customization of network protocols and parameters to suit the specific requirements of the PPP connection.