Link layer does not understand IPs at all, it operates with MAC addresses.
Atm frame relay
atm and frame-relay
The most common WAN data-link protocols are: 1. HDLC 2. PPP 3. Frame Relay 4. ATM
1) to identify where the frame starts and ends 2) to distinguish data bits from control bits
Protocols that do not operate at the network layer include those in the transport layer, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which are responsible for end-to-end communication and data flow control. Additionally, application layer protocols like Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) operate above the network layer to facilitate specific application services. Furthermore, protocols in the data link layer, such as Ethernet and Wi-Fi, manage local network communication and frame delivery.
Frame relay and PPP is used with WAN encapsulation. Frame Relay most closely compares to the OSI data link layer (Layer 2). If you remember that the word "frame" describes the data link layer protocol data unit (PDU), it will be easy to remember that Frame Relay relates to OSI Layer 2. Like other data-link protocols, Frame Relay can be used to deliver packets (Layer 3 PDUs) between routers.
none of protocols include a physical layer specification
ARP and RARP protocols are present at network layer. ARP is short form of address resolution protocol. IP is the type of header an ARP frame contain .
Identify the networktranspor layer protocols used for windows file sharing when the protocols are installed alone.
*define the structure of layer specific PDU'sdictate how to accomplish layer functions*outline the functions necessary for communications between layerslimit hardware compatibility*require layer dependent encapsulationseliminate standardization among vendors
Which? Where are the Options?WAN Technologies operate & involve Layer1, Layer2 & Layer3 of OSI Model. Example of WAN Technology Protocols are Frame Relay, ATM & X.25 protocols.
In some way, shape, or form, every device on a network needs an address, regardless of the OSI layer being used. Otherwise there is no way to deliver a frame to the correct device.