Vegetable shortening is made by hydrogenating vegetable oils, which involves adding hydrogen to the oil under high pressure and temperature. This process changes the structure of the oil, making it solid at room temperature. The hydrogenated oil is then filtered and refined to create the final product, vegetable shortening.
By the process of Hydrogenation.
Shortening is typically made from hydrogenated vegetable oils, such as soybean, cottonseed, or palm oil. The hydrogenation process gives shortening a solid texture at room temperature, making it useful for baking and cooking.
This consumer driven process, which the industry refers to as the "quick response" system, integrates several dimensions of the production cycle with the intent of shortening the cycle's duration.
A production process, is any one of the steps involved, in the conversion of a raw material, into a finished product
production
Yes, you can. Lard (pork fat), tallow (beef fat) and other rendered animal fats (including bacon fat) originally, until the introduction of vegetable shortening, were called "short fats" or shortening. A result of the rendering process is that the portions of these fats that cannot be rendered are removed, leaving the fat 'short' of these [originally supposed] nutrients. So, yes, any rendered fats can be used in place of vegetable shortening. Keep in mind that the hydrogenation process that produces shortening also produces trans-fats [liquid fats that are processed to mimic the qualities of saturated fats] which are just as bad if not worse than the saturated fats [fats that are solid at room temperature]. You could, if you wanted, use oil in place of the shortening, (never do this for pastries, though) since the shortening melts into the recipe anyways.
Yes, shortening is typically made from hydrogenated vegetable oils, which are high in saturated fats because of the hydrogenation process used to solidify the oils. However, some newer varieties of shortening may contain less saturated fat or be trans-fat free.
meiosis
It is a shortening ingredient and stabilizer. Shortening refers to process where gluten formation in bread is prevented. This will make a softer bread. Vegetable oil also stabilizes the bread and increases the shelf life. It does this by preventing starch molecules from crystallizing, or retrograding. This helps to prevent staling.
Manufacturing is one where in production process service orientations is done where in service sector is to completely to serve with service and no production involved in this process.
Effacement
Photosynthesis is the process that produces the food for the plant.