Nearly all the vitamins are lost by drying. Mainly vitamin A and C are lost by drying.
they swell because the water and moisture that was removed during drying is being put back, so the water rehydrates the flesh
Because vitamin C is one of the water soluble ones along with most of the B vitamins. Since they dissolve in water and our urine is mostly water, when we go to the bathroom we pee some of it out. That's why we have to replace both B & C vitamins everyday with as healthy diet that include lots of fresh vegetable and fruits.
Vitamin C is the nutrient most easily lost by the process of boiling. It is water-soluble and can leach out into the cooking water. To preserve vitamin C, it is recommended to cook vegetables for a shorter time or to use cooking methods that involve less water, such as steaming.
The body might use reducing agents, such as glutathione or NADH, to regenerate vitamin C that was lost in a cooked vegetable. These compounds have the ability to convert the oxidized form of vitamin C (dehydroascorbic acid) back to its active reduced form (ascorbic acid).
vitamin D
On the long journey from the farm to the table, food is lost or spoiled at all stages, and fresh foods such as fruits, vegetables, milk, and meat are particularly unsafe.
Nothing nutritional is lost from a vegetable when you wash it, whether or not it is peeled. All washing does is rinse loose, external particles such as dirt off the surface of the vegetable. All vitamins are contained within the cells of the vegetable. Unless you have the technology to rinse or clean out every individual cell of the plant, it is impossible to "rinse away" vitamins. However, there are vitamins contained in the peel of some vegetables that will be lost when you remove the skin. Even still, washing it has NOTHING to do with vitamin loss.
Fruits and vegetables exposed to the air always loose some moisture to their surrounding environment through evaporation. While still on the tree/vine, that moisture is replenished by the plant, and the fruit or vegetable maintains a healthy equilibrium. After the fruit/vegetable is picked, it no longer has a source of water to replace the moisture lost to evaporation, and it therefore become dry.
Antioxidants can be found in many plants that we eat.Fruits and vegetables would be the best source for getting antioxidants into your system but only when they are fresh picked right from the farm. Most store-bought fruits and veggies have lost most of their vitamin/mineral content due to decay caused by long lapses in delivery time.Supplements can also provide antioxidants which are not gained from the regular diet.
Said disease is described as scurvy. I'm not sure but I believe symptoms in a mild case of scurvy are yellowing of the teeth, poor skin, nail, and hair condition. More serious cases are where teeth begin to fall out and tissues may start to die. if left untreated, it ultimately results in death. Luckily, this can be treated just by regaining the vitamin C you need. Permanent damage such as lost teeth will stay like that, but hey, it's better than dying. Citrus fruits and some other fruits are high in vitamin C. A few citrus fruits are lemons, limes, grapefruits, oranges, kumquats, and tangerines. Strawberries also have high vitamin C content. I recommend strawberries, they have more vitamin C than oranges ((All the other fruits work too, but strawberries are nice)).
What effect does processing have on fruits and vegetables? Processing usually has very little effect on fruits and vegetables. By processing we assume doing something to the fruit or vegetable without adding anything extra. Freezing, canning, chopping, slicing, dicing, heating, boiling or what not really will not affect the nutritive value of fruits and vegetables. However, sometimes extra junk gets added to fruits and vegetables during processing- such as sugary corn syrup or sugar or salt. Sometimes the vegetables get deep fried in greasy oil and so on- this is not good at all. Here, nutritional density of the food, that is, the amount of nutrients per calorie, is significantly reduced because you're eating all sorts of empty calories. If you ate a plain strawberry, you get a certain number of calories and a certain amount of nutrients. Now if you eat a processed strawberry that's been covered in sticky sugar syrup, you're consuming the same amount of nutrients as the plain one, but many, many more calories- ultimately a bad thing. Asparagus is a great vegetable; asparagus deep-fried in lard is not. The processing method does affect the nutritional value of any food. Boiling for instance can destroy all the nutritional value in food. It's why foods are fortified. Unfortunately, most of the synthetic vitamins that are added back in are not recognized by the body and are flushed out. Freezing is probably the best way to preserve the nutritional value of food. Frozen and canned food can have as much as 30 to 50% of the potassium lost because the processors send the vegetables around the plant in hot water filled flumes (see http://charles_w.tripod.com/arthrit is10.html). A common misconception is that the mineral content of dried fruit and vegetables are higher than in fresh. This is not true. The mineral content in a dried apricot is exactly the same as a fresh apricot, for instance. The effective vitamin content is much lower for vitamin B-1, because sulfur dioxide is added, which degrades vitamin B-1 in the intestines.
Stop eating trans and saturated fats, found in junk foods and red meats. Eat fruits and vegetables. Do endurance exercises to reduce overall body fat.