Plasma
The 4th and most abundant state of matter.
It is poorly understood, congregates in turbulent 'shocks' around matter, more dense when in motion (i.e. Earths 'bow shock', [<10^14/cm^-3] spacecraft on re-entry, [up to the optical breakdown density limit] etc.) and can be propagated by the 'Unruh effect' and photo-ionization. It also constitutes the 'pairs' of 'pair production', perhaps the result of the 'Higgs Boson'. It is the main constituent of lasers. In the ionosphere positrons have also been found (busy being annihilated?) It is very diffuse in deep space but density increases around galaxy clusters etc.
It has very interesting qualities refractive index n=1, as a vacuum however dense, and even found at n=0.999998 (theoretically giving 'superluminal' em wave transmission). It is also 'self focusing. Again needing more investigation, but effectively 'atomic scattering' light without 'scattering' it around. These effects have not yet been assimilated into theory.
Plasmas are a lot like gases, but the atoms are different, because they are made up of free electrons and ions
Maybe 'plasma' is the answer.
Plasma is like a gas with ionized atoms.
Plasmas
Diatomic molecules are formed from two atoms, different or identical.
The atoms of hydrogen and oxygen (H and O) bond together to form covalent bonds which is where the atoms share electrons (as opposed to ionic bonding which is where one atom gives electrons to another atom). The atoms that were in the gasses combine and form water H2O which is at room temperature a liquid
Valance electrons means that the element has not reached the octet configuration and is therefore reactive the reactivity depends on the no. of valance electrons the more valance electrons the more unstable the atom is and the more reactive it is.The gasses like helium neon xenon are all inert which means they have an octet configuration and have no delocalised or valance electrons.
Elements have different properties because elements can be further divided than atoms and can be mixed by another element
Reactive elements have atoms that can combine to form compounds. The atoms in a compound are combined through different types of bonds, such as ionic, covalent, hydrogen, and metallic bonding. With ionic bonding, there is an exchange of electrons between atoms. Covalent bonding occurs when electrons are shared by two atoms.
It is the halogen group. They are in the P block.
Because they have gained or lost electrons and are no longer neutral.
It is because that they have a different number of protons and neutrons and electrons.
Because it has four Valence electrons
Gold & Silver are different because they have different numbers of protons and electrons in their atoms.
The noble gasses are what you're talking about.
Isotopes have the same number of protons an electrons; the number of neutrons is different.
Noble Gasses.
Neon, plus the other noble gasses, but these other noble gases also have additional electrons in outer shells.
Because different atoms and molecules hold their electrons more or less tightly.
Plasma
A covalent bond between two atoms of significantly different electronegativities will be a polar covalent bond because the atoms will not share the electrons equally.