In the frenkel defect the ions are not removed from the crystal.so there will be no change in the crystal structure. that is there is no decrease in the no of ions.all the ions are inside the crystal.they are only dislocated.
If you maybe have rainbow contacts or a very extremely 1 in a zillion birth defect or your born in a different way.
When a liquid hits it's freezing point (0 Degrees Celsius) the liquid atoms start to crystallize and expand. Thus, creating ice! when the ice melts, the atoms separate again and decrease in size. Thus, liquid! There you go!
G6PD deficiency is caused by one copy of a defective G6PD gene in males or two copies of a defective G6PD gene in females. Hemolytic anemic attacks can be caused by oxidants, infection, and or by eating fava beans.
From a scientific perspective the primary defect is that although all the robust and well accepted climate models concur human activity is driving most of the current climate change, these models are complex and unwieldy, relying on vast volumes of data. Reliable temperature records only go back a few centuries, and many of the early records were not from good locations. Even early urban environments impacted local temperature readings. From a political perspective there are other defects of global warming. Politicians have reasons for adopting policy positions that often are not based on or even informed by the findings of science.
if electrons are added to a neutral atom then it changes to a negatively charged ion (anion) and on the other hand if electrons are removed then the atom changes to positively charged ion (cation)
An ionic defect involves the migration of the ions within a crystal. It can affect the density and volume of the crystals.
Both Frenkel and Schotty defects improve the electrical conductivity of an ionic crystal.
1).schottky defect arises due to departue of ions (both cation and anion in equal ratio) from crystal lattice leaving holes that favour conductivity. The equal no of ions depart because to maintain the electrical neutrality of crystal. It was discovered by walter.H schottky in 1930. But in frenkel defect ions(cations) are missing from there normal lattice site and occupying an interstitial site between the lattice points. They dont depart from crystal lattice. Because no departure occure so crystal remain electrically neutral. It was discovered by Yakov frenkel in 1926. 2) schottky defect is only vacancy defect but frenkel defect is vacancy as well as interstitial defect. 3). Schottky defect decreases density and strength of the crystal. But frenkel defect doesnt affect density. 4).schottky defect is shown by the ionic solids having high coordination no and approx. same size of cation and anion(i.e r+ve/r-ve approaches to 1) While frenkel defect is shown by the compound having low coordination no and size of anion larger than cation(i.e r+ve/r-ve approches the minimum value). By Sandeep Singh Lingwal Srinagar, Uttrakhand
The radius ratio for AgBr is intermediate. Thus it shows both frenkel and schottky defects. The major defect in AgBr is the Frenkel defect. It has a rocksalt structure i.e. CCP lattice of of Br with atoms of Ag occupying all octahedral holes.Ag moves from octahedral to tetrahedral sites causing only cations to precipitate. Schottky defect arise due to missing of ions from their lacttice point and frenkel arise when the mmissing ions occupy interstitial sites. in AgBr, ag+ ion is small in size and when removed from lacttice point they can occupy interstitial site and therefore show both frenkel and schottky defect. SCHOTTKY Defect in AgBr is exhibited due to precipitation of both Cations and Anions.
Any change in the configuration of the lattice of the crystal which causes the crystal structure to deviate from the ideal structure is called a crystal structure. It is of the following types - Point defects Line defects Surface defects volume defects
Defect Density No. of Defects / Actual Size of the Project
because the size of ions are enough to show both defects
When the both the cations and anions are absent from the crystal lattice it is called Schottky defect. This defect is shown when the anions and cations have comparable size. The Frenkel defect is shown by ionic molecules when their is a large difference in the size of anions and cations. The smaller anions are very much mobile and they occupy interstitial site. AgBr has cations and anions with comparable size and hence it shows Schottky defect but the Ag+ ion is very much mobile and it easily occupies interstitial place getting dislocated from its original place, that's why the ionic crystal AgBr shows both Schottky and Frenkel defects.
A Schottky defect is when 2 oppositely charged ions leave their normal lattice positions forming 2 vacancies in the lattice structure. This contrasts to a Frenkel defect, where 1 ion simple moves from it's normal lattice position to an interstitial site (tetrahedral/octahedral hole).
KLOC = Kilo Lines Of Code Defect Density = Number of Defects / KLOC For e.g. Defects found = 15 Lines of code = 2,500 = 2.5 KLOC Defect Density = 15 / 2.5 = 6 Defects/KLOC
Defect density
K. Heggestad has written: 'Electrical Conductivity, Defect Structure and Density in the Ceria-Gadolinia System'