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Energy for vacancy formation in silver?
The energy required to form a vacancy in a material is termed the vacancy formation energy. In the case of silver, the vacancy formation energy is approximately 0.9 eV. This energy is a measure of the stability of vacancies in the material and is crucial for understanding its defect properties.
How do ice crystals form in a cloud?
When a liquid hits it's freezing point (0 Degrees Celsius) the liquid atoms start to crystallize and expand. Thus, creating ice! when the ice melts, the atoms separate again and decrease in size. Thus, liquid! There you go!
Is it possible to have rainbow eyes?
No, having truly rainbow-colored eyes is not possible in humans. Eye color is determined by the amount and distribution of melanin in the iris, which can result in variations of brown, blue, green, and hazel.
What is a fault scrap?
A fault scrap is a piece of material that is deemed defective or unusable due to a fault in its production process, such as a defect in the material or incorrect dimensions. Fault scraps are typically removed from production to ensure quality control and may be recycled or disposed of according to company policies.
What happens when you increase or decrease the number of electrons in an atom?
if electrons are added to a neutral atom then it changes to a negatively charged ion (anion) and on the other hand if electrons are removed then the atom changes to positively charged ion (cation)
What is the effect of frenkel schottky defect on elictrical conductivity?
Both Frenkel and Schotty defects improve the electrical conductivity of an ionic crystal.
What is difference between shotkey defect and frankel defect?
1).schottky defect arises due to departue of ions (both cation and anion in equal ratio) from crystal lattice leaving holes that favour conductivity. The equal no of ions depart because to maintain the electrical neutrality of crystal. It was discovered by walter.H schottky in 1930. But in frenkel defect ions(cations) are missing from there normal lattice site and occupying an interstitial site between the lattice points. They dont depart from crystal lattice. Because no departure occure so crystal remain electrically neutral. It was discovered by Yakov frenkel in 1926. 2) schottky defect is only vacancy defect but frenkel defect is vacancy as well as interstitial defect. 3). Schottky defect decreases density and strength of the crystal. But frenkel defect doesnt affect density. 4).schottky defect is shown by the ionic solids having high coordination no and approx. same size of cation and anion(i.e r+ve/r-ve approaches to 1) While frenkel defect is shown by the compound having low coordination no and size of anion larger than cation(i.e r+ve/r-ve approches the minimum value). By Sandeep Singh Lingwal Srinagar, Uttrakhand
Which point defect lowers the density of crystals?
Any change in the configuration of the lattice of the crystal which causes the crystal structure to deviate from the ideal structure is called a crystal structure. It is of the following types - Point defects Line defects Surface defects volume defects
Why AgBr shows both frenkel and schotky defect?
When the both the cations and anions are absent from the crystal lattice it is called Schottky defect. This defect is shown when the anions and cations have comparable size. The Frenkel defect is shown by ionic molecules when their is a large difference in the size of anions and cations. The smaller anions are very much mobile and they occupy interstitial site. AgBr has cations and anions with comparable size and hence it shows Schottky defect but the Ag+ ion is very much mobile and it easily occupies interstitial place getting dislocated from its original place, that's why the ionic crystal AgBr shows both Schottky and Frenkel defects.
Why does AgBr show both Frenkel and Schottky defects?
The radius ratio for AgBr is intermediate. Thus it shows both frenkel and schottky defects. The major defect in AgBr is the Frenkel defect. It has a rocksalt structure i.e. CCP lattice of of Br with atoms of Ag occupying all octahedral holes.Ag moves from octahedral to tetrahedral sites causing only cations to precipitate. Schottky defect arise due to missing of ions from their lacttice point and frenkel arise when the mmissing ions occupy interstitial sites. in AgBr, ag+ ion is small in size and when removed from lacttice point they can occupy interstitial site and therefore show both frenkel and schottky defect. SCHOTTKY Defect in AgBr is exhibited due to precipitation of both Cations and Anions.
Why AgBr shows both frenkel and schottky defect?
AgBr can exhibit both Frenkel and Schottky defects due to the presence of both cation (Ag+) and anion (Br-) vacancies in its crystal structure. Frenkel defect occurs when a cation occupies an interstitial site, while a Schottky defect involves the simultaneous absence of a cation and anion from their respective lattice sites. The relative sizes of the cation and anion in AgBr make both types of defects possible.
What are the differences between the Frenkel and Schottky defects?
A Schottky defect is when 2 oppositely charged ions leave their normal lattice positions forming 2 vacancies in the lattice structure. This contrasts to a Frenkel defect, where 1 ion simple moves from it's normal lattice position to an interstitial site (tetrahedral/octahedral hole).
What is KLOC in Defect Density?
KLOC = Kilo Lines Of Code Defect Density = Number of Defects / KLOC For e.g. Defects found = 15 Lines of code = 2,500 = 2.5 KLOC Defect Density = 15 / 2.5 = 6 Defects/KLOC
What is Formula for residual defect density in QA?
The formula for residual defect density in QA is: Residual Defect Density = (Number of defects remaining after a phase / Size of the phase). It is used to measure the effectiveness of defect removal in a particular phase of the software development process.
What is defect density?
Defect density is a metric used to measure the number of defects (bugs, errors) present in a software product or system per unit of size, such as lines of code or function points. It helps in assessing the quality of the software and identifying areas that may need improvement. A higher defect density indicates a higher likelihood of issues and may require additional testing and debugging efforts.
Which metric do you use to track the number of defects found over a period of time?
You can use the defect density metric to track the number of defects found over a period of time. Defect density is calculated by dividing the total number of defects by the size of the software, usually measured in lines of code or function points. This metric helps in identifying trends in defect discovery and can inform quality improvement efforts.
Is there change in volume of a crystal having schottky defect?
Yes, a crystal with Schottky defects can have a change in volume due to the vacancies created by the missing atoms. This can lead to a decrease in the total volume of the crystal, impacting its overall density and properties.
