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Ethanol is soluble in water due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Ethanol contains a hydroxyl (-OH) group that can participate in hydrogen bonding with water molecules, allowing it to dissolve in water. In contrast, propane is a nonpolar molecule with only weak van der Waals forces between its molecules, which are not strong enough to overcome the strong hydrogen bonding in water, making it insoluble in water.

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7mo ago

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Which material would require the least amount of energy to change 1kg from a solid to a liquid ethanol aluminum propane or water?

Water would require the least amount of energy to change 1kg from a solid to a liquid because it has a lower melting point compared to the other materials listed (ethanol, aluminum, propane).


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Ethanol---it has stronger intermolecular forces due to its ability to hydgrogen bond (because it has an -OH group) that propane. Both of them have similar dispersion forces because they have around the same number of electrons, so the presence of hydrogen bonding in ethanol will give ethanol the greater intermolecular forces and hence the higher surface tension.


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Ethanol has a higher boiling point than propane because it has stronger intermolecular forces due to hydrogen bonding between its molecules. Propane, on the other hand, is a small nonpolar molecule with weaker London dispersion forces between its molecules. This leads to lower energy required to break the intermolecular forces in propane compared to ethanol, resulting in a lower boiling point.


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