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The economic problems mostly rose indirectly from a population drop due to diseases such as smallpox and threat of nomadic invaders such as the Huns or Germanic tribes. Major empires (Rome, Gupta/India, and Han China) were the most affected and responded by decreasing trans-regional trade, but Rome was so dependent on foreign commodities and innovations that it could not exist as an empire independently. The Romans attempted to react by growing their intraregional market via expansion, but the military strength of its neighbors, especially Germanic tribes, made the necessary expansion impossible.

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12y ago

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