Modulation Index is the ratio of the maximum deviation frequency to the frequency of modulation. In other words it is the ratio of the spread in frequency spectrum to the frequency that was used to modulate the carrier.
For FM,
modulation index is given by the formula
mf= df/f
where,
mf=modulation index for FM
df=difference in carrier frequency
f=frequency of the signal
In Frequency Modulation (FM), if the modulation frequency is doubled, the modulation index does not necessarily double; it depends on the amplitude of the modulating signal. In Amplitude Modulation (AM), the modulation index is defined as the ratio of the peak amplitude of the modulating signal to the carrier amplitude, so it remains unchanged with varying modulation frequency. For Phase Modulation (PM), similar to FM, the modulation index is influenced by the amplitude of the modulating signal and does not inherently double with the modulation frequency. Thus, modulation frequency and modulation index are not directly linked in this way for FM, PM, or AM.
the modulation system is of FM
Deviation ratio: In a frequency modulation system, the ratio of the maximum frequency deviation of the carrier to the maximum modulating frequency of the system under specified conditions
The maximum modulation index for a carrier signal without resulting in over-modulation typically depends on the modulation scheme being used. For standard amplitude modulation (AM), the maximum modulation index is generally 1, meaning the peak envelope power of the modulated signal should not exceed the carrier power. In frequency modulation (FM), the modulation index can be higher, but it should still be kept within limits defined by the system to avoid distortion. Ultimately, the precise value can vary based on specific application requirements and the desired quality of the transmitted signal.
The AM power content of the carrier is maximum when the modulation index is zero. At this point, there is no modulation applied to the carrier signal, meaning the entire power is concentrated in the carrier frequency itself. As the modulation index increases, the power is distributed between the carrier and the sidebands, resulting in a decrease in the carrier's power content. Thus, maximum carrier power occurs at zero modulation.
In Frequency Modulation (FM), if the modulation frequency is doubled, the modulation index does not necessarily double; it depends on the amplitude of the modulating signal. In Amplitude Modulation (AM), the modulation index is defined as the ratio of the peak amplitude of the modulating signal to the carrier amplitude, so it remains unchanged with varying modulation frequency. For Phase Modulation (PM), similar to FM, the modulation index is influenced by the amplitude of the modulating signal and does not inherently double with the modulation frequency. Thus, modulation frequency and modulation index are not directly linked in this way for FM, PM, or AM.
fc>2fm
frequency modulation..
The modulation index formula in frequency modulation (FM) is given by the equation: β = Δf / fm, where β is the modulation index, Δf is the peak frequency deviation, and fm is the modulating frequency. Modulation index indicates how much the carrier frequency is being varied by the modulating signal in FM.
a measure of the degree of frequency modulation expressed numerically for a pure tone modulation as the ratio of the frequency deviation to the frequency of the modulating signal.
the modulation system is of FM
Deviation ratio: In a frequency modulation system, the ratio of the maximum frequency deviation of the carrier to the maximum modulating frequency of the system under specified conditions
It varies depending on how strong you want the signal to come through on the receiving end.
Modulation index is also called as Modulation depth. The modulation index of a modulation scheme describes by how much the modulated variable of the carrier signal varies around its unmodulated level.
AM - Amplitude Modulation FM - Frequency Modulation
The difference between frequency modulation and phase modulation is that with frequency modulation the angular frequency of the signal is modified while with the phase modulation, the phase angle of the signal is modified.
The range of modulation index in amplitude modulation (AM) is typically between 0 and 1. A modulation index of 0 indicates no modulation, while a modulation index of 1 represents full modulation where the carrier signal amplitude varies from zero to peak value.