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An LED, or light emiting diode, can have many functions. Commonly used as a solid state light emitter, LEDs of nearly any color of light are available, including ultraviolet and infrared.

A less obvious use of a light emitting diode is to detect light. A LED makes a very efficent and narrow band light detector. It will produce electric current in response to light that is about the same wavelength (and therefore color) as when it is used as an emitter.

Another use of an LED is to make a fairly stable voltage reference; A red LED when forward biased will have a steady voltage drop of about 1.8 volts, an orange LED produces a voltage drop of about 2.0 volts, and about 3.5 volts for blue and white emitting LEDs.

LEDs can be used as modulated light emitters to transmit speech, music and digital information. A good example is a television remote control which digitally pulses a infrared LED to change channels, control volume, and so on.

LEDs are used in solid state switches when optically coupled to a photodiode or photo resistor. LED flashlights are very common, and some small light bulb replacements are available, with larger bulb replacements soon to come. Some links are provided below:

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