First, Africa and the Middle East are very culturally diverse places, so certain things which are controversial in one place are far less so in others.
Second, there are two understandings of "controversial". There is the first understanding that if you were in Africa or the Middle East, there are a large number of people who believe x and a similarly large numbr of people who believe not-x. For example, in Egypt, the subject of religious involvement in the state is very contentious and controversial among Egyptians. This is why there are numerous altercations in the streets between Secularists and Islamists. There is the second understanding is that a foreigner's perspective would clash strongly with the overwhelmingly dominant perspecitive in Africa or the Middle East. In Uganda, homosexuality is almost universally condemned and Ugandans have the death penalty for homosexuals which has tremendous support. A Westerner would find this controversial because he would vehemently oppose such an action, but would find little local support.
In terms of general conversation, the same topics are controversial in Africa and the Middle East that are controversial elsewhere (such as religion, sex, politics, money, etc.). In terms of any particular issues, you would have to specify the country.
The claim is the argument you plan to prove.
thesis statement
An example of vague language is the phrase "some people say" when discussing a controversial topic. This statement lacks specificity and does not provide clear information about who is making the claim or the evidence behind it. As a result, it leaves the audience unsure about the credibility or relevance of the statement.
Evidence together with argument as to how the evidence makes the claim (the proposition that someone is claiming to be true) more credible.
I think that any incomplete comparison is an example of unfinished claim...
"Raising the minimum wage leads to increased unemployment" is an example of a controversial argument, as there are differing opinions and research on its impact.
A claim is putting forth the right to something. If that claim is not settled then it might result in an argument.
The word contentious means to cause an argument or to be controversial. For example, "The contentious idea cause outrage among the citizens of the town".
A lot of disagreement or argument about something
A claim is a statement that asserts a belief or position, while an argument is a set of reasons presented in support of that claim. In other words, a claim is the main point being made, and an argument provides the rationale or evidence to persuade others of the validity of that claim.
An argument that has not been proven is a theory or a claim.
The argument from silence is when the absence of evidence is used to either support or refute a claim or theory. If there is no evidence to support a claim, it can be refuted using the argument from silence. Conversely, if there is a lack of evidence against a claim, it can be supported using the argument from silence.
The main argument
An example of a non-example of evidence would be personal opinions or anecdotes that are not backed up by facts or data. This type of information does not provide objective support for an argument or claim.
An example might be : "How can you talk about winning the war when you yourself received a deferment from the draft?"
An argument typically consists of a claim, evidence to support that claim, and reasoning that explains how the evidence supports the claim. The claim is the main point being made, the evidence provides support or proof for the claim, and the reasoning connects the evidence to the claim.
Every argument should have a claim or thesis, evidence to support the claim, and reasoning that connects the evidence to the claim. Arguments are structured to persuade others of a particular viewpoint or position.