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3 Principles of physical fitness .

  • Specificity
  • Overload
  • Progression

OVERLOAD:

The Overload Principle can be achieved through changes in Frequency, Intensity and Time. What is all that, you ask? To start off, frequency, as you may suspect, is how often you exercise. How often is enough is the question. Well, most people say anywhere from 3 to 6 days a week, depending upon experience and goals. Training the full 7 days most of the time isn't the answer to improving your body's performance and health. Intensity is how hard you push, what level of effort your body performs. Depending upon whether you're looking to stretch a workout over a long period of time and work at a slower pace than normally, or race 100 meters at 100% decides how hard you will train. You can work at full throttle for 5 minutes or ease it up for 15, and still get the same benefits. That leads to the third principle of time. For how long do you wish to train? That is a question only you can answer. When you're working your way up from 5 minutes to 10, then the next couple of weeks up to 30, you're doing something. Time plays a very important role in the three principles of fitness, but like a three-legged stool, if one is missing, everything will fall apart.

PROGRESSION:

individuals frequently make the mistake of attempting too rapid a fitness change. A classic example is that of the middle-aged man or woman who has done no exercise for 20 years and suddenly begins a vigorous training program. The result of such activity is frequently an injury or, at the least, stiffness and soreness. There are no hard-and-fast rules on how rapidly one should progress to a higher level of activity. The individual's subjective impression of whether or not the body seems to be able to tolerate increased training serves as a good guide. In general it might be reasonable not to progress to higher levels of activity more often than every one or two weeks.

SPECIFICITY:

The principle of specificity derives from the observation that the adaptation of the body or change in physical fitness is specific to the type of training undertaken. Quite simply this means that if a fitness objective is to increase flexibility, then flexibility training must be used. If one desires to develop strength, resistance or strengthening exercises must be employed. This principle is indeed simple; however, it is frequently ignored. Many fraudulent claims for an exercise product or system promise overall physical fitness from one simple training technique. A person should be suspicious of such claims and should consider whether or not the exercise training recommended is the type that will produce the specific changes desired.

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