yes. There is even an OTK based off this (1 of the cards is forbidden, so this will not work in tournaments)
http://yugioh.wikia.com/wiki/Dark_Scorpion/Makyura_OTK
Yes, when you tribute summon a monster that was summoned by "Call of the Haunted," the "Call of the Haunted" remains on the field. This is because the effect of "Call of the Haunted" allows you to special summon a monster from your graveyard, and tribute summoning the monster does not cause "Call of the Haunted" to leave the field. It will stay active until it is destroyed or removed by other means.
Nothing really - traps get negated, including Call of the Haunted. Call of the Haunted special summons a monster, and has a condition to destroy itself or the monster, depending on what happens. However it is not true to say it is 'holding' the monster on the field. Simply negating Call of the Haunted will not destroy the monster. While Call of the Haunted is being negated, if the monster is destroyed, Call of the Haunted will remain on the field, uselessly. If Call itself is destroyed, then the monster is not destroyed.
Because it is an 'only be special summoned by..' monster, that means it can be special summoned by cards like Monster Reborn, after it was summoned properly but was destroyed. Note that a field spell card is in no way part of Malefic Blue-Eyes White Dragon's summon condition. MB-EWD will simply be destroyed if it is ever face-up on the field, and no Field Spell Card is in play. So if Monster Reborn was used in this case, MB-EWD would be special summoned, and then destroy itself.
When a non-effect monster destroys another monster the destroyed monster is sent to the grave, unless there is another card on the field which changes where destroyed monsters go. Depending on the effect of the monster that destroyed them they are either sent to the Graveyard, are banished, return to the owners hand, or can be summoned on the opponents side of the field. Some cards can even be saved from the grave by their own effect and are then either re-summoned or go to spell/trap zone. Spell/trap cards can also determine where they go, as they can change it so that any destroyed monster is banished instead of being sent to the graveyard.
No part of Call of the Haunted's activation prevents monsters from being tributed. Of course, if you activate it in your opponent's turn, you could only tribute the monster for a spell speed 2 effect or trigger.
Once properly summoned, the Chaos Sorcerer will 'remember' that as long as it is never returned to hand or deck. So if you used Monster Reborn on it, and it was destroyed, you can then use Call of the Haunted on it. But if you were to have it returned to hand, then you cannot discard it and revive it from the graveyard, you will need to resummon it properly first.
If A activates Call of the Haunted and B Chains Mistical Space Typhoon, COTH is destroyed and no monsters are summoned. If COTH is chained to MST, either monster will be summoned, but then MST will destroy COTH, and the monster will also be destroyed. However, either monsters effect will activate as both will be summoned then destroyed.
Call of the Haunted destroys its summoned monster at the same moment it itself is destroyed. In the above case if it's being negated by Royal Decree, then it will not destroy the monster. Even though Royal Decree is being destroyed by the same resolution, it is still negating Call of the Haunted up until the point of its destruction. The end result, Call of the Haunted and Royal Decree will go to the graveyard but the monster summoned by Call of the Haunted will be safe.
Nothing really - traps get negated, including Call of the Haunted. Call of the Haunted special summons a monster, and has a condition to destroy itself or the monster, depending on what happens. However it is not true to say it is 'holding' the monster on the field. Simply negating Call of the Haunted will not destroy the monster. While Call of the Haunted is being negated, if the monster is destroyed, Call of the Haunted will remain on the field, uselessly. If Call itself is destroyed, then the monster is not destroyed.
Yes. It is a 'can only be special summoned by' monster, which can be brought back as long as it was properly special summoned originally. It is monsters who say "cannot be special summoned except by.." that cannot ever be brought back with cards like Monster Reborn.
Yes, of course. Once the Fusion Monster is summoned, there is absolutely nothing 'holding' the components in the graveyard. They can be summoned, returned to hand, or otherwise removed from the graveyard by any cards that can do so.
No. Judgment Dragon says it 'cannot be special summoned except by...' and this way is the only way it can ever be special summoned. It cannot ever be revived from the graveyard by cards like Monster Reborn.
The cards text clearly says: "When this card is removedfrom the field, destroy the monster." If for any reason Call of the Haunted is removed from the field, even to your hand, the monster it brought back will be destroyed.
Yes, it can. Call of the Haunted is not an Equip Card, so it is not automatically destroyed if it loses its target. Call of the Haunted will only destroy itself if the monster it brought back is 'destroyed'. However if the monster is removed from play, tributed, sent, or flipped face-down, then Call of the Haunted will lose it as a target, but remain on the field, uselessly.
Because it is an 'only be special summoned by..' monster, that means it can be special summoned by cards like Monster Reborn, after it was summoned properly but was destroyed. Note that a field spell card is in no way part of Malefic Blue-Eyes White Dragon's summon condition. MB-EWD will simply be destroyed if it is ever face-up on the field, and no Field Spell Card is in play. So if Monster Reborn was used in this case, MB-EWD would be special summoned, and then destroy itself.
You can tribute a special summoned monster, yes.
Vampire Genesis 'cannot be special summoned' except by following the instructions on the card. If a monster says it can 'only' be special summoned a certain way, this is for the initial summon only. If you summon it properly, and it is destroyed, then you can revive it from the graveyard with Monster Reborn. However the 'except by' monsters can't be special summoned by any other means than the text on their card. Even if they are properly special summoned first, you still can't use Monster Reborn on them.