Absolute Brightness .
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there are two separate ways that astronomers measure the brightness of a start, there is actuall and aparent brightness. In apparent brightness, the measure how bright it looks to all the humans on Earth. However, the actual brightness of a star is different. Say a star is really, really bright, but really far away. That star would look preety dim. Or if a star is not so bright, but really close, like the Sun. The actuall brightness of a star is harder to measure, but is possible by use of waves and stuff like that, I don't know too much about actuall brightness
Absolute magnitude. Two stars of the same absolute magnitude usually do not have the same apparent magnitude because one may be much farther from us than the other. The other that is farther away will appear dimmer. To compare absolute brightness, astronomers determine what magnitude the stars would have if they were at a standard distance of about 32.6 light years. The sun has an apparent magnitude of -26.7, if located at a distance of 32.6 light years, have an absolute magnitude of 5. Stars with absolute magnitude values lower than 5 are brighter than the sun. Because of their distance, however, they appear much dimmer.A lot brighter than you think actually.
Scientists actually use two measurements to identify a star's brightness. One is luminosity, or the energy that star puts out. Another is magnitude, or the amount of light a star puts out.
Grouping stars by brightness
Theres `Absolute Magnitude` which is the brightness of a star at a set distance. Then there is `Apparent Magnitude` which is the apparent brightness from earth, regardless of distance.
The apparent brightness of stars is called "apparent magnitude", and it is written with a lowercase "m" after the number.
That is called "absolute brightness" or "absolute magnitude". It is defined as how bright a star would look at a standard distance (10 parsec, to be precise). The brightness of stars can vary a lot; some stars (supergiants) are millions of times as bright as our Sun, others (red dwarves) are thousands of times less bright. (Our Sun is in the top 10 percentile, though.)
A "standard candle" in astronomy is an object whose luminosity (its true brightness, not just how bright it seems to us) can be estimated, based on characteristics of that type of object. Then its distance can be estimated from its "apparent magnitude". The stars called "Cepheid variables" are a good example. The rate at which their brightness varies is closely linked to their luminosity.
relative "brightness" is based on distance, size, and temperature
The idea is that CERTAIN TYPES of stars, including certain variable stars (such as Cepheids) have a known brightness; so if you observe their apparent brightness, you can calculate their distance.
by temperature, size, brightness, distance and color
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The law is called The Inverse Square Law .
The surface temperature and the absolute magnitude, which is the brightness of the star when viewed from a standard distance of 10 parsecs.
"Absolute value" is used for numbers, not for stars. For stars, there is something called "absolute brightness" or "absolute magnitude"; that refers to how bright the star really is (as opposed to what it looks like for us). It is defined as how bright the star would look at a standard distance.
Luminosity.