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Simple answer: mRNA
Deeper Answer: Rna polymerase joins to a promoter region upstream of a certain gene on DNA. With the help of certain other promoters and co-factors the Rna polymerase begins to create an RNA duplicate of the gene. Then within the nucleus a splicesome comes in and removes the introns giving messenger RNA. This RNA also receives a Poly-adenosyl tail and a 5'methylguanine cap to prevent degradation. The RNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to certain initiating factors and part of the ribosome complex. The rest of the ribosome complex is constructed on top of the RNA and then a protein is made.
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How are genes and proteins related?
one gene codes for one protein - apex
How might a cell take in a bacterium?
What causes ingestion of bacteria: Special bacterial recognition surface receptors on the cell's plasma membrane recognize the bacteria as bacteria and thus food. How these cause it to ingest the bacteria: These receptors cause signalling within the cell to occur. The signal is passed down through ATP-activated signalling proteins specialized for ingestion until it reaches the nucleus. In the nucleus, the signal is given to code for the "ingestion" action. It is coded onto mRNA which codes for cell-wide signalling. These signals reach all the organelles, which then work as one unit to engulf the bacteria with the plasma membrane.
Why is DNA important to life?
so if there is a crime, police and invstigators can find out who did the crime because anything that they touch, they leave their DNA
What is the relationship between proteins and DNA?
the DNA copies its base sequence into messenger RNA which carry the information to the transfer RNA which translates it into a sequence of Amino acids.
How do traits get expressed?
Traits, which we define as visible aspects of an organism (known as the organism's phenotype) , are coded for by an organisms DNA and are expressed through the proteins that that DNA codes for. Here's the indepth version:Every living organism on this earth has DNA (or in some bacteria, RNA). These strands of DNA are made of nucleic bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine), phosphates, and sugars. These components form DNA into the double helix shape we associate with DNA (the twisted ladder shape.) The nucleic bases are held together in the middle of the two strands by weak hydrogen bonds. This is what we know contemporarily as a strand of DNA.Strands upon strands of DNA are then packaged together (with protein formations generally called histones) to form what we know as the chromosome. DNA must be packaged this way so that the extremely long strands of DNA can be easily moved during sexual (or asexual) reproduction. But that's another topic.The expression of "traits" can be traced back specifically to the order of nucleic bases in the DNA, and the proteins those bases code for. Here's how it works.Let Organism A have a certain part of their DNA that readsATCAGCATAGCAUAGThese nucleic bases would then be paired with their complement bases on the other strand of DNA. But let us then say that the cells in Organism A want to express this trait. A process known as transcription and translation must occur.First, the DNA is "unzipped" by an enzyme. Then, another enzyme moves along the DNA and lays down a "primer strand" (this enzyme, fittingly, is called primase) of RNA. RNA is just like DNA, except that in RNA, Thymine is not existant and a particle known as ribose is present. There are different types of RNA, but in this instance, mRNA (messenger RNA) is used. Another enzyme will move along the DNA-mRNA strands, inserting completmentary bases on the RNA. But since thymine is not expressed in RNA, Adenine must match with another base (only present in RNA) called uracil. The above code would be expressed like this in mRNA:UAGUCGUAUCGUAUC(NOTE: Adenine always binds with Thymine or Uracil, Cytosine always binds with Guanine)This particular strand of mRNA is almost ready to leave the nucleus to be translated. First, a 5' cap and poly-A tail must be added to either end of the strand to protect it during transport.This mRNA is then taken to ribosomes in the cell, which are located outside the nucleus. This step is called translation.When the mRNA arrives at the ribosome, it begins to slide "through" the ribosome. Now, it is important to know that DNA and mRNA is read in groups of three. Every three bases, known as a codon, has a matching anticodon. These mRNA codons will feed through the ribosome, and according to the particular order of the bases, a molecule called tRNA (transport RNA) will arrive at the ribosome with the matching anticodons. Attatched to these tRNA structures are the matching anticodons and an amino acid.The above strand would then match with these anticodons. Note how the anticodons resemble the original DNA.AUCAGCAUAGCAUAGThe only difference is the fact that thymine is replaced by Uracil. The amino acids that are brought to the ribosome by tRNA then bind to each other through peptide bonds, eventually forming a polypeptide chain (the beginnings of a protein).Thus, we can see how DNA codes for RNA which then codes for specific amino acids. Scientists have developed a table that can determine which aminos are coded for according to the order of the bases.So, the need to know is this: DNA codes for mRNA in a process called transcription. Then, that mRNA is translated at ribosomes. The anticodons that bind to the mRNA determine which proteins are made. Ultimately, those proteins express traits based on the function of the protein.DNA codes for mRNA--> mRNA codes for tRNA anticodons---> the specific order of the assembled amino acids determines their function, thus expressing a trait.
The codes for making proteins are carried from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm by .?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
How are the codes for proteins carried fromthe nucleus to the ribosomes?
The codes for proteins are carried from the nucleus to the ribosomes by messenger RNA (mRNA). After transcription in the nucleus, the mRNA strand carries the genetic information encoded in the DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm for translation into proteins. This process is crucial for protein synthesis within the cell.
The codes for making proteins are carried from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm by?
messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where proteins are synthesized through the process of translation.
A type of nucleus acid that carries the codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes?
RNA.
What type of nucleus acid carries the codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes?
DNA
Does DNA replication occur at the ribosomes?
No. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of the cell and these have sections which have codes. These codes are called genes. Ribosomes are found free in the cytoplasm or in the rough endoplasmic reticulum where they make proteins.
Which function do the nucleus and ribosomes haves in common?
They are organelles that control information in the cell.
Where are The directions for making a protein?
The instructions for the production of proteins are found in DNA. In Eukaryotic organisms, such as humans, the DNA is located within the nucleus. A copy of this DNA is made into mRNA - which carries the instructions from the nucleus to the ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs.
Where are the codes for making protein stored?
The codes for making proteins are stored in the DNA within the cell's nucleus. These codes are transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) which is then translated by ribosomes in the cytoplasm to produce proteins.
What type of nucleic acid carries the information needed to make proteins?
RNA carries the information to the ribosomes to be madeinto protein for the body.
How is the message for a protein carried from the nucleus to the ribosomes?
The codes for making proteins are carried from the nucleus to the ribosomes by another type of nucleic acid called ribonucleic acid, or RNA. At the ribosome the RNA's message is translated into a specific protein
What part of the cell creates protein for the cell?
They are maaaade on ribosomes. DNA codes for proteins
