From Wikipedia:
A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG, RITEG) is an electrical generator which obtains its power from radioactive decay. In such a device, the heat released by the decay of a suitable radioactive material is converted into electricity by the Seebeck effect using an array of thermocouples. RTGs can be considered as a type of battery and have been used as power sources in satellites, space probes and unmanned remote facilities. RTGs are usually the most desirable power source for unmanned or unmaintained situations needing a few hundred watts or less of power for durations too long for fuel cells, batteries and generators to provide economically, and in places where solar cells are not viable.
They are called electrical conductors
What we normally call heat or thermal energy.
Cells need many chemicals, but perhaps you are thinking of DNA.
This is an energy drink.
I don't believe there is a special word for stored energy, I would just call it that, "stored energy". Energy of position is called potential energy. For example, if you lift a weight against the force of gravitation, the energy you transfer to the object is stored as gravitational potential energy. At a higher position, it has more of this energy than when it is at a low position.
The energy released in a radioactive decay arises because the nucleus is moving from one energy level to a lower energy one. The link below gives a good outline explanation in the Explanation section.
Decay Series
Lava
Geothermal
Acoustics is the general field, and ranges from human anatomy, to architectural acoustics, to building materials, and music and speech.
For materials such as rubber I would call it elastic energy. For compressed gases I would just call it mechanical energy-the compressed gas exerts a force which would move a piston against another force, and that constitutes work.
the sun creates it's on heat because it already fire
Photosynthesis
it is unstable and decays to another element
Radioactive isotope, or radioisotope.
The battery produces electrical energy. If the light bulb is connected between the terminals of the battery, then the bulb will change the electrical energy into heat, and if you're lucky and you have the correct voltage, also maybe some light.
These materials are sediments.