A. Hassam watches people as they interact.
Observation techniques in research methodology involve systematically watching and recording behaviors, events, or phenomena as they occur in their natural settings. These techniques can be categorized into participant observation, where the researcher engages with the subjects, and non-participant observation, where the researcher remains an outsider. Observations can be structured, with specific criteria in place, or unstructured, allowing for more flexibility. This method provides valuable qualitative data, offering insights into the context and dynamics of the observed subjects.
An overt observation in when a participant knows that they are being observed and the purpose behind the observation. This method of observation means that participants can be followed to different locations as fully informed consent can be given with no need for deception. However as the participant knows that they are being followed, it is likely that there will be a high chance of demand characteristics as they will wish to please the observer.
The scientific method uses observation and experimentation to answer questions
How does this poem illustrate the importance of observation in the scientific method
A step in the scientific method that requires you to use your senses to obtain information is the making an observation step.
fieldwork
Experimentation
Participant observation is a key method used in ethnography, but they are not the same. Ethnography is a broader research approach that involves the comprehensive study of a culture or social group, often through various methods, including participant observation. Participant observation specifically refers to the researcher immersing themselves in the community they are studying, actively engaging in daily activities while observing behaviors and interactions. Thus, while participant observation is a vital component of ethnographic research, ethnography encompasses a wider range of methodologies and theoretical frameworks.
Participant observation
true
Non-participant, or direct, observation is where data are collected by observing behaviour without interacting with the participants. Participant observation is where data are collected by interacting with, and therefore experiencing, the phenomenon being studied.
Anthropology and sociology are the perspectives most likely to use participant observation as a research method. This method involves immersing oneself in the culture or community being studied to gain a deep understanding of their practices, beliefs, and social interactions. Participant observation is particularly valuable for studying behavior and social norms within a specific context.
An ethnography is a qualitative research method that involves studying a culture or group of people through participant observation, interviews, and detailed fieldwork. It focuses on understanding the social and cultural aspects of a particular group, rather than collecting numerical data for statistical analysis.
The four main methods for collecting research data are surveys/questionnaires, interviews, observations, and experiments. Each method has its own strengths and weaknesses, and researchers may choose the most appropriate method based on their research questions and objectives.
Participant observation
to collect qualitative data
Participant observation is a research method used in social sciences where the researcher immerses themselves in the group or community being studied, actively participating in their activities and interactions while also observing and taking notes. This method allows for a deep understanding of the group's culture, behavior, and dynamics.