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Genetics

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Millie Dicki

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Cards in this guide (12)
What is inflammation

Inflammation is your body's natural response to harmful stimulants, damaged cells, irritants, infection, and injury: it's an attempt to stop the damage, protect your cells, remove the harmful stimuli, and start the healing process. When you get a cut or other injury, you can see inflammation in action. When an injury happens, your body releases chemicals and white blood cells into your bloodstream, ready to attack and kill invading bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbial invaders. The redness and swelling around the wound shows that your blood vessels are expanding, bringing in white blood cells and antibodies to fight the infection, along with proteins and other nutrients to repair the damage.

"Inflammation" is from the Latin word inflammatio, which means to set on fire, and warmth, along with swelling and pain, is a feature of inflammation.

Without inflammation, your wounds and infections will not heal. So inflammation is beneficial, or even essential, —up to a point. All that swelling and repair work can be painful (which is why anti-inflammatory medicines, such as ibuprofen, are effective painkillers). Unfortunately, although anti-inflammatory drugs can suppress symptoms temporarily, they don't cure the underlying problem. And prolonged or chronic inflammation can lead to diseases. Chronic inflammation is now recognized as a type of non-specific immune response.

What do you call a group of cells that are all alike

A group of cells that are all alike and that function together is called a tissue. A group of tissues that function together is called an organ.

How is the hereditary information in DNA coded and passed from generation to generation

as nucleotide base sequences that make up genes

Are blood cells produced in your bone marrow

Red blood cells are produced in bone marrow.

What is an example of a disorder associated with an error in the number of chromosomes present

Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is a disorder associated with an error in the number of chromosomes present. Other examples of disorders associated with an error in the number of chromosomes are Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome), Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome), Triple X syndrome, and Klinefelter Syndrome.

Which muscle straightens a joint

Muscles that straighten the joints are extensors. Muscles the bend the joints are flexors.

Does saliva contain chemicals that help kill intruders

Not that I know of, but it does contain chemicals that heal minor wounds such as small cuts and mouth pimples :)

An example of cartilage in the body which you can easily touch and feel is

your outer ear

Where does respiration usually begin

Respiration happens all the time, 24/7, in all living organisms.

Why might a person who breathes through his or her mouth at night tend to have a sore throat in the morning

The nose warms and moisturizes the air you breath in. It could be that the cool dry air coming directly from the mouth is drying the throat and irritating it.

Alternately, it could be that the reason for the mouth breathing is that the nasal passages are stuffy and mucus from them is dripping into the throat at night when you lie back (post nasal drip). This can be irritating.

A woman with type AB blood has children with her husband who is type O. What percent of their children would you expect to have type AB blood

0%

There are over 600 muscles in your body.

It all depends on how you count them, but about 639

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