An appellate court is a court with the jurisdiction to hear appeals and review a lower court's decision.
The word enact is a verb. A sentence using enact: The NRA is concerned the government will enact a new gun control law.
check and balances
It's a civil case (city, state or county) unless you were involved in an accident on federal government property such as a military installation or national park, or had some other complication involving the federal government.
On appeal, when a trial court of general jurisdiction offers a new trial instead of the review of the lower court's decision, it is giving a