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The majority of antibodies bind secreted or membrane bound antigens and do not penetrate cells. Antibodies can be taken up into cells via endocytosis. However, a subset of autoantibodies isolated from autoimmune diseases in humans and mouse models are able to penetrate cells and bind to their antigen in the cytoplasm or nucleus (e.g. anti-DNA autoantibodies).
What else can I help you with?
What region of an antibody does the antigen bind to?
epitopes on the antigen while the paratopes on the antibody
How many types of antigens can bind to a single antibody?
An antibody can typically bind to one specific type of antigen.
Antibody binding result in destruction of the antigen?
Antibodies bind the antigen, which then targets the antigen for elimination by innate mechanisms
What is antigene and antibody?
An antigen is a substance that can invoke an immune response. While an antibody is the immune system's response to an antigen. Antibodies, act by directly neutralizing the antigen and/or bind to the antigen and signaling marcophages to phagocytose the antigen.
What is the relationship between antigen and antibody?
Basically to explain this, an antigen is any type of pathogen that causes disease, while an antibody is something that combats against the antigen.
What is antibody valence?
It is the number of antigens one antibody molecule can bind to. For example, a trivalent antibody can simultaneously bind to three copies of the antigen it recognizes. This is not related to atomic valence.
The y- shaped protein that is produced by plasma cells upon exposure to a specific antigen and can bind to that antigen is called a?
antibody
What function of this protein is to bind to a specific antigen preventing it from attacking host cells?
Antibody.
Are anitgens proteins?
Yes. An antigen is a substance that stimulates an animal in order to produce an antibody reaction to counteract the substance by a specific binding antibody-antigen. Most of the times this antigen is a molecule of protein.
Can any antibody work with any antigen?
No, not all antibodies can work with any antigen. Antibodies are highly specific in recognizing and binding to a particular antigen based on their unique binding sites. The binding of an antibody to an antigen is based on complementary shapes and charges, so a specific antibody will only bind to a specific antigen that matches its binding site.
What is the effect of not including the antigen or the primary antibody in the ELISA reaction?
Not including the antigen will prevent the primary antibody from binding to it which will disrupt the results of the ELISA. Not including the primary antibody will prevent the secondary antibody from binding it, which will again negatively affect the results of the ELISA. All components are necessary to get an accurate ELISA.
What are the differences between indirect ELISA and sandwich ELISA?
Indirect ELISA and sandwich ELISA are two types of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays used in laboratory testing. In indirect ELISA, the antigen is immobilized on the surface, and a primary antibody binds to the antigen. Then, a secondary antibody linked to an enzyme is added to detect the primary antibody. In sandwich ELISA, the antigen is captured by a primary antibody that is immobilized on the surface. A second antibody linked to an enzyme is then added to bind to a different epitope on the antigen, forming a "sandwich" complex. The main difference between the two methods is the way in which the antibodies are used to detect the antigen. In indirect ELISA, the primary antibody is detected by a secondary antibody, while in sandwich ELISA, the antigen is "sandwiched" between two antibodies for detection.
