Reflex action
During an action potential, repolarization occurs as a result of the opening of voltage-gated potassium channels. These channels allow potassium ions to flow out of the cell, leading to a decrease in membrane potential back towards the resting state. Repolarization is essential for resetting the neuron and allowing it to fire another action potential.
increased membrane permeability to sodium ions
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in muscle movement by transmitting signals from motor neurons to muscle fibers at the neuromuscular junction. When ACh is released, it binds to receptors on the muscle cell membrane, leading to depolarization and the initiation of an action potential. This action potential triggers a series of events that result in muscle contraction. Thus, ACh is essential for coordinating voluntary muscle movements.
Hypocalcemia can lead to a prolongation of the cardiac action potential due to reduced calcium influx. This can result in an increased risk of arrhythmias, as well as potential impairment of cardiac muscle contractility.
Ossification
It provides insulation to the axons and dendrites during depolarization or action potential.
Muscle fibers generates throught the action of actin and myosin. Contraction of Voluntary muscles occurs as a result of conscious effort originating in the brain. The brain sends signals, in the form of action potentials,through the nervous system to the motor neuron that innervates the muscle fiber. Involuntary muscles like the heart or smooth muscles in the gut contracts as a result of unconscious brain activity stimuli endogenous to the muscle itself.
A Reaction
hypertrophy
Muscles are attached to bones.
A subthreshold stimulus is one that does not generate a strong enough signal to elicit a perceptible contraction in muscle fibers. It is below the threshold required to cause an action potential and result in muscle contraction.
Any stimulus below the neuron's threshold potential will not result in a response, as it is not strong enough to generate an action potential. Neurons require a minimum level of stimulus intensity to reach the threshold potential and fire an action potential.