Tensile force tends to increase the length of a member in carpentry. When a member is pulled in opposite directions (stretched), it experiences tensile force, which causes it to elongate. This is important to consider when designing and constructing wooden structures to prevent failure due to excessive elongation.
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The elongation of a tension specimen can be measured by marking a gauge length on the specimen before testing it and then comparing the final length of the specimen after it has been stretched to the original gauge length. The elongation can be calculated using the formula: Elongation = ((final length - original length) / original length) x 100%.
The gauge length of a specimen refers to the specific length of the material being tested, typically in tensile testing, over which measurements such as elongation and strain are recorded. It is the portion of the specimen that is subjected to stress during the test and is critical for determining mechanical properties like tensile strength and ductility. Accurate measurement of the gauge length is essential for reliable test results and comparisons between different materials.
Elongation is the percentage of the final dimension relative to the initial dimension. For instance; A 1m length of metal is put under a load and is stretched to a final length of 1.5m The elongation of this is 150% because the final length is 150% of the initial length.
To calculate percent elongation with an equation: [(final length - initial length) / initial length] x 100 = percent elongation On a graph - To calculate percent elongation, draw a line to the x-axis from the point of fracture parallel to the straight line part of the graph. The extension at this point is then divided by the gauge length.
rain is defined as extension per unit length.Strain = extension / original lengthwhere,ε = strain,lo = the original lengthe = extension = (l-lo), andl = stretched lengthStrain has no units because it is a ratio of lengths.We can use the above definitions of stress and strain for forces causing tension or compression.If we apply tensile force we have tensile stressand tensile strainIf we apply compressive force we have compressive stress and compressive strain.
Strain is the measure of length change per unit length. Elongation usually refers to strain under load at failure point.
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Elongation percentage is calculated by dividing the change in length of a material by its original length and then multiplying by 100. The formula is: [ \text{Elongation Percentage} = \left( \frac{\text{Final Length} - \text{Original Length}}{\text{Original Length}} \right) \times 100 ] This measurement is often used in materials testing to assess ductility and deformation under stress.
Elongation on steel plate is typically measured by marking a gauge length on the plate and then subjecting it to tension until it fractures. The elongation is calculated as the difference between the final length of the gauge section and the original length, expressed as a percentage of the original length. This test helps to determine the ductility and deformation capabilities of the steel plate.